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. 2018 Nov 28;285(1892):20181805. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1805

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© 2018 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 1. — (a) The frozen niche variation model. (i) A sexual population (broad curve) exhibits genetic variation for the niche use (here symbolized by a range of hypothetical plants); (ii) a new asexual clone is produced, comprising a subset of the genotypic diversity contained in its sexual ancestor; (iii) a second clone is produced from a different sexual genotype characterized by a different ecological niche. The niche breadth of the sexual population as a whole is larger than the one of each individual clone. Adapted from Vrijenhoek & Parker [11]. (b) General-purpose genotype. (i) Individuals in a sexual population vary in the range of their environmental tolerances (narrow to broad plasticity); (ii) clones are produced from different genotypes in the sexual population with different levels of plasticity; (iii,iv) natural selection favours clones with broader tolerances such that clones may feature higher levels of plasticity than the sexual population as a whole (e.g. extreme case of clone 5). Figure adapted from Vrijenhoek & Parker [11].