Table 4A.
Metabolic profile across the five body composition clusters in women.
| Normal weight | Overweight A | Overweight B | Low obesity A | Low obesity B | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 89) | (n = 251) | (n = 137) | (n = 61) | (n = 82) | ||
| Adherence to NU-AGE diet | 54.9 ± 11.0 | 52.1 ± 10.3 | 51.6 ± 9.0 | 54.1 ± 9.6 | 51.7 ± 11.7 | NS |
| Calorie Intake (kcal) | 1723.6 ± 286.6 | 1722.8 ± 332.2 | 1608.1 ± 308.1 | 1736.5 ± 358.1 | 1587.7 ± 330.8 | 2.38E-04 |
| Adherence to NU-AGE diet | 54.9 ± 11.0 | 52.1 ± 10.3 | 51.6 ± 9.0 | 54.1 ± 9.6 | 51.7 ± 11.7 | NS |
| Calorie intake (kcal) | 1723.6 ± 286.6 | 1722.8 ± 332.2 | 1608.1 ± 308.1 | 1736.5 ± 358.1 | 1587.7 ± 330.8 | 2.38E-04 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 230.9 ± 40.3 | 220.5 ± 39.8 | 222.5 ± 37.2 | 217.3 ± 40.6 | 214.3 ± 39.9 | NS |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 76.3 ± 19.8 | 66.9 ± 39.8 | 66.1 ± 16.5 | 60.1 ± 14.8 | 59.6 ± 16.9 | 4.72e-09 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 136.8 ± 39.6 | 132.7 ± 36.4 | 136.2 ± 33.7 | 137.3 ± 38.9 | 129.9 ± 35.0 | NS |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 89.1 ± 31.9 | 104.4 ± 45.7 | 100.9 ± 36.3 | 99.5 ± 33.1 | 123.7 ± 55.0 | 3.02e-05 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 5.9 ± 0.4 | 7.117e-03 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 0.7 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 7.27e-09 |
| Insulin (mcU/mL) | 6.1 ± 3.4 | 8.4 ± 5.7 | 7.8 ± 3.8 | 11.3 ± 6.4 | 12.3 ± 6.3 | 2.95e-16 |
| HOMA IR | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | <2.2e-16 |
| HOMA β (%) | 74.3 ± 37.1 | 90.9 ± 56.5 | 84.3 ± 46.6 | 100.3 ± 49.8 | 109.1 ± 61.2 | 6.58e-05 |
| Urinary urea (g/24 h) | 16.9 ± 4.5 | 17.9 ± 5.1 | 16.8 ± 4.7 | 20.0 ± 4.9 | 20.1 ± 5.2 | 9.56e-08 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 45.7 ± 4.4 | 45.5 ± 4.2 | 44.7 ± 3.6 | 45.9 ± 4.1 | 44.9 ± 3.2 | NS |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 68.6 ± 11.9 | 69.8 ± 12.5 | 67.8 ± 11.7 | 71.4 ± 12.5 | 70.5 ± 10.3 | NS |
| 25 (OH)D (ng/mL) | 26.8 ± 10.2 | 25.7 ± 8.9 | 24.9 ± 10.6 | 23.8 ± 9.4 | 23.3 ± 7.5 | NS |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 46.7 ± 32.1 | 40.3 ± 24.0 | 47.4 ± 28.9 | 41.9 ± 22.2 | 43.9 ± 22.8 | NS |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 70.6 ± 8.9 | 72.9 ± 10.0 | 75.3 ± 10.4 | 77.2 ± 9.9 | 75.7 ± 8.1 | 5.418e-05 |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 132.7 ± 21.3 | 136.3 ± 19.9 | 138.3 ± 21.8 | 138.9 ± 20.5 | 139.9 ± 20.6 | NS |
| Use of medicines/supplements | ||||||
| Statins (n = 155; %) | 18.0 | 25.9 | 20.4 | 29.5 | 34.1 | NS |
| Diabetics (n = 16; %) | 1.1 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 4.9 | 6.1 | NS |
| Hypertension (n = 265; %) | 23.6 | 43.4 | 46.0 | 34.4 | 62.2 | 8.035e-06 |
| Vitamin D (n = 139; %) | 22.5 | 23.5 | 25.5 | 13.11 | 20.7 | <2.2e-16 |
| Calcium (n = 78; %) | 11.2 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 3.3 | 18.3 | <2.2e-16 |
| Physical functioning | ||||||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 25.0 ± 5.7 | 25.4 ± 5.4 | 24.1 ± 5.9 | 26.7 ± 6.1 | 25.4 ± 4.7 | 2.529e-02 |
| PASE score | 141.2 ± 43.7 | 132.2 ± 48.6 | 125.3 ± 46.4 | 127.9 ± 52.6 | 104.2 ± 48.7 | 4.588e-06 |
Population based reference ranges for: Total Cholesterol: <200 mg/dL; HDL, (high density lipoprotein): >60 mg/dL; LDL (low density lipoprotein): <100 mg/dL; Triglycerides: <150 mg/d; glycated hemoglobin: <7.5%; glucose (serum): 4.1–5.9 mmol/L; Insulin: 2–25 mcU/ml; HOMA IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance)): 0.23–2.5; HOMA β (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance for beta-cell function%): 0–100; urinary urea: 10–30 g/24 h; albumin (serum): 32–49 g/L; creatinine (serum): 50–120 mmol/L; 25(OH)D (Vitamin D, serum): 30–100 (ng/mL); PTH (Parathormone, serum): 10–70 pg/mL; Diastolic pressure: <90 mmHg; systolic pressure: <140 mmHg; p-value (chi squared test); PASE (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly): 0–450.