Table 4B.
Metabolic profile across the six body composition clusters in men.
| Normal weight | Overweight A | Overweight B | Low obesity A | Low obesity B | Moderate obesity | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 122) | (n = 20) | (n = 233) | (n = 34) | (n = 80) | (n = 12) | ||
| Adherence to NU-AGE diet | 51.7 ± 9.2 | 50.9 ± 12.1 | 50.3 ± 9.1 | 49.2 ± 8.0 | 47.2 ± 9.7 | 49.5 ± 5.9 | 2.39e-02 |
| Calorie intake (kcal) | 2329.0 ± 425.3 | 2502.5 ± 390.2 | 2009.2 ± 408.9 | 2207.1 ± 458.7 | 2040.8 ± 446.3 | 1958.1 ± 244.4 | 7.538e-12 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194.4 ± 33.6 | 195.2 ± 40.1 | 194.5 ± 39.3 | 189.5 ± 36.0 | 193.5 ± 41.8 | 199.8 ± 42.1 | NS |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 57.9 ± 16.1 | 53.3 ± 14.4 | 50.9 ± 13.7 | 50.1 ± 13.9 | 44.8 ± 12.1 | 40.6 ± 10.2 | 4.32e-09 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 119.2 ± 30.3 | 121.6 ± 36.4 | 122.0 ± 35.4 | 117.4 ± 28.3 | 124.8 ± 36.5 | 132.7 ± 42.1 | NS |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 86.3 ± 33.7 | 101.6 ± 46.9 | 108.0 ± 50.0 | 109.4 ± 49.8 | 120.3 ± 51.7 | 132.7 ± 36.2 | 6.95e-08 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | NS |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 3.78e-05 |
| Insulin (mcU/mL) | 6.3 ± 3.7 | 6.9 ± 2.7 | 9.6 ± 6.4 | 14.1 ± 14.1 | 14.1 ± 8.8 | 22.2 ± 10.7 | <2.2e-16 |
| HOMA IR | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 4.0 | 3.9 ± 2.6 | 6.4 ± 3.5 | <2.2e-16 |
| HOMA β (%) | 67.4 ± 47.0 | 65.8 ± 24.8 | 85.8 ± 53.8 | 112.7 ± 98.7 | 117.4 ± 77.3 | 159.7 ± 76.8 | 1.42e-09 |
| Urinary urea (g/24 h) | 22.6 ± 6.0 | 24.0 ± 4.0 | 22.7 ± 6.1 | 25.5 ± 6.8 | 24.6 ± 7.6 | 31.6 ± 12.6 | 1.47e-03 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 45.9 ± 4.8 | 47.2 ± 4.8 | 45.4 ± 3.6 | 47.6 ± 4.5 | 44.3 ± 3.4 | 44.7 ± 3.5 | 4.832e-03 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 88.6 ± 4.8 | 88.5 ± 17.2 | 90.3 ± 17.3 | 92.4 ± 17.2 | 89.2 ± 11.6 | 92.9 ± 27.4 | NS |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 25.6 ± 8.7 | 24.7 ± 7.0 | 24.3 ± 8.5 | 23.4 ± 8.7 | 22.4 ± 8.4 | 25.2 ± 7.1 | NS |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 38.7 ± 27.1 | 40.0 ± 28.4 | 46.3 ± 22.5 | 37.1 ± 19.1 | 45.9 ± 22.0 | 46.1 ± 20.7 | 1.98e-03 |
| Diastolic | 77.4 ± 10.4 | 76.6 ± 8.2 | 76.2 ± 10.4 | 81.3 ± 7.6 | 77.7 ± 10.2 | 77.6 ± 8.1 | NS |
| Systolic | 134.9 ± 17.8 | 138.8 ± 15.2 | 138.8 ± 18.2 | 142.3 ± 16.7 | 142.7 ± 17.6 | 141.6 ± 16.9 | NS |
| Use of medicines/supplements | |||||||
| Statins (n = 130; %) | 20.5 | 15.0 | 28.3 | 32.3 | 30.0 | 25.0 | NS |
| Diabetics (n = 26; %) | 3.2 | 0 | 10.7 | 2.9 | 11.3 | 8.3 | NS |
| Hypertension (n = 242; %) | 30.3 | 35.0 | 51.9 | 46.7 | 63.7 | 100.0 | 4.223e-08 |
| Vitamin D (n = 26; %) | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 0.0 | NS |
| Calcium (n = 15; %) | 1.6 | 15.0 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.869e-02 |
| Physical functioning | |||||||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 39.6 ± 6.3 | 41.8 ± 7.5 | 38.2 ± 6.8 | 41.9 ± 7.9 | 41.3 ± 7.1 | 44.4 ± 9.1 | 5.653e-04 |
| PASE score | 153.8 ± 58.1 | 157.4 ± 65.1 | 139.3 ± 64.6 | 150.6 ± 65.2 | 125.2 ± 54.6 | 130.9 ± 61.2 | 2.895e-02 |
Population based reference ranges for: Total Cholesterol: <200 mg/dL; HDL, (high density lipoprotein): >60 mg/dL; LDL (low density lipoprotein): <100 mg/dL; Triglycerides: <150 mg/d; glycated hemoglobin: <7.5%; Gglucose (serum): 4.1—5.9 mmol/L; Iinsulin: 2—25 mcU/ml; HOMA IR (Hhomeostatic model assessment for Iinsulin Rresistance)): 0.23—2.5; HOMA ((homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance for beta-cell function%): 0–100; urinary urea: 10–30 g/24 h; Albumin (serum): 32–49 g/L; Creatinine (serum): 50–120 mmol/L; 25(OH)D (Vitamin D, serum): 30–100 (ng/mL); PTH (Parathormone, serum): 10–70 pg/mL; Diastolic pressure: <90 mmHg; Systolic pressure: (140 mmHg; p -value (chi squared test); PASE (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly): 0—450.