. 2018 Apr 4;4(4):452–460. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.03.005

Table 6.

Range usage of control hens compared to hens with on-range choice feeding of black soldier fly (BSF).

Item	Treatments	Time¹		P-value
Item	Treatments	Week 1	Week 6	Treatment	Time	Treatment × Time
Average time on range per day, h	Control group	5.82 ± 0.12^a	5.12 ± 0.15^b	0.675	0.000²	0.299
Average time on range per day, h	BSF group	6.05 ± 0.13^a	5.03 ± 0.20^b
Total time on range, h	Control group	40.8 ± 0.83^a	35.9 ± 1.07^b	0.675	0.000²	0.299
Total time on range, h	BSF group	42.4 ± 0.94^a	35.2 ± 1.40^b
Average visits on range per day	Control group	25.0 ± 1.13^a	18.0 ± 0.80^b	0.056	0.000²	0.027³
Average visits on range per day	BSF group	21.1 ± 0.87^a	18.3 ± 0.93^b
Total visits	Control group	175.1 ± 7.92^a	125.9 ± 5.61^b	0.056	0.000²	0.027³
Total visits	BSF group	147.7 ± 6.07^a	127.9 ± 6.47^b
Average minimum time outside per visit, h	Control group	0.016 ± 0.00	0.032 ± 0.00	0.123	0.589	0.978
Average minimum time outside per visit, h	BSF group	0.062 ± 0.04	0.079 ± 0.05
Average maximum time outside per visit, h	Control group	0.975 ± 0.03	1.13 ± 0.08	0.058	0.369	0.164
Average maximum time outside per visit, h	BSF group	1.19 ± 0.06	1.16 ± 0.08
Minimum time outside, h	Control group	0.004 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001	0.061	0.587	0.032³
Minimum time outside, h	BSF group	0.006 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001
Maximum time outside, h	Control group	1.46 ± 0.06^b	1.72 ± 0.14^b	0.011³	0.303	0.451
Maximum time outside, h	BSF group	1.94 ± 0.15^a	1.98 ± 0.19^a

^a,b Different superscripts in each row for each factor differ significantly (P < 0.05).

Mean values ± standard error of the mean of 60 hens within 3 replicates per treatment, total n = 120 hens.

Statistically highly significant (P < 0.005).

Statistically significant (P < 0.05).