Fig. 2.

Compositions of bacterial community in the ileum of pigs fed corn- and wheat-based diets and supplemented with different xylanases. (A) Each row is representing a sample while each column is representing an operational taxonomic units (OTU) . The sample identifiers on the left branches are color coded based on diets and xylanase treatments. Top branches are color coded indicating the taxonomical assignment of the OTU at the phylum level. OTU with relative abundance above 0.01% of community are presented. While majority of OTU were classified at the genus level, some could only be classified to family (f.), order (o.), class (c.), or phylum (p.) levels. The normalized relative abundances of OTU obtained from 16S rRNA gene sequences in each ileum sample is reflected by the color of the scale (yellow to red). The dendrogram on the left shows how the samples are clustered based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity measure, averaged by diet and xylanase treatment. The dendrogram on the top shows clustering of bacterial taxa data based on the Spearman's rank correlation. (B) Box-Plot showing the relative abundances of bacterial taxa in ileum microbiota. (C) Column plots showing the effect of xylanase treatments on the abundance of bacterial taxa that significantly differed among treatments. Values are presented as least square means. Error bars are standard error of the mean. Significant relative abundance pertaining to changes in the different treatments are also indicated in the heatmap A. The basal diets (corn- or wheat-based) were supplemented with or without 75 mg/kg of 1 of 5 types of xylanase supplements (xylanase A [XA], xylanase B [XB], xylanase C [XC], xylanase D [XD], and xylanase E [XE]) originated from various microorganisms.