Table 3.

Predicted bacterial pathways altered by maternal diet in the offspring gut microbiota.

Pathway	Fold-change	Mean (C)	Mean (O)	P (ANOVA)	P(adj)
Alpha Linolenic acid metabolism	−2.016	4203.68	2084.87	0.00000014	0.000038
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	−1.683	7158.94	4253.39	0.00000021	0.000057
Carotenoid biosynthesis	−2.165	9428	4354.37	0.00000091	0.00025
Vasopressin regulated water reabsorption	−5.581	8.98	1.61	0.0000014	0.00038
Geraniol degradation	−1.724	20611.09	11953.09	0.0000023	0.00063
Caprolactam degradation	−1.88	18865.79	10035.26	0.0000024	0.00065
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis	−1.654	77024.87	46576.93	0.0000026	0.00071
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins	−1.547	119476.9	77230.09	0.0000033	0.0009
Shigellosis	−2.196	3437.06	1564.85	0.0000045	0.0012
Indole alkaloid biosynthesis	−16.09	6.3	0.39	0.0000046	0.0013
Bladder cancer	−2.172	1734.15	798.35	0.0000054	0.0015
Pertussis	−1.702	10961.15	6439.37	0.0000055	0.0015
Prion diseases	−1.653	2211.87	1338.09	0.0000068	0.0018
Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells	−2.125	5215.64	2454.93	0.0000073	0.002
Betalain biosynthesis	−11.14	6.3	0.57	0.0000098	0.0027
Metabolism of xenobiotics (cytochrome P450)	−1.705	12248.57	7182.28	0.00001	0.0027
Chlorocyclohexane and chlorobenzene degradation	−1.707	9778.04	5726.59	0.000016	0.0044
Drug metabolism (cytochrome P450)	−1.697	13039.94	7683.5	0.000019	0.0052
Sporulation	1.71	90806.6	155265.2	0.000044	0.012
Fructose and mannose metabolism	1.362	214300.3	291772.5	0.00015	0.041
Inositol phosphate metabolism	−1.377	35218.09	25582.15	0.00017	0.046
Restriction enzyme	1.343	26422.96	35483.37	0.00018	0.049

Nested ANOVA was performed using KEGG level 3 pathway counts generated by PICRUSt. The main variable was diet with exercise nested within. P-values were adjusted (Padj) with Bonferroni correction and only pathways showing P(adjusted) < 0.05 are shown. Negative fold change value denotes decreased abundance and positive fold change value denotes increased abundance in O_S dams relative to C_S dams.