Table 3.
Association of maternal folic acid supplementation with the primary response and the 5-year persistence of the protective anti-HBs.
| primary response |
OR# | 5-year persistence |
OR# | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | <1,000 mIU/ml (%) | ≥1,000 mIU/ml (%) | (95% CI)# | p value# | No (%) | Yes (%) | (95% CI)# | p value# | |
| Maternal folic acid supplementation | |||||||||
| No | 295 | 108(36.6) | 187(63.4) | 1 | 95(32.2) | 200(67.8) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1,029 | 308(29.9) | 721(70.1) | 1.39(1.03-1.86) | 0.0292 | 229(22.3) | 800(77.8) | 1.62(1.20-2.20) | 0.0017 |
| Adjusted variables | |||||||||
| Maternal status | |||||||||
| Anemia during pregnancy | |||||||||
| Yes | 454 | 140(30.8) | 314(69.2) | 1 | 128(28.2) | 326(71.8) | |||
| No | 870 | 276(31.7) | 594(68.3) | 1.01(0.78-1.31) | 0.9432 | 196(22.5) | 674(77.5) | 1.45(1.11-1.90) | 0.0063 |
| Calcium deficiency during pregnancy | |||||||||
| yes | 238 | 78(32.8) | 160(67.2) | 1 | 66(27.7) | 172(72.3) | |||
| no | 1,086 | 338(31.1) | 748(68.9) | 1.17(0.86-1.61) | 0.3163 | 258(23.8) | 828(76.2) | 1.23(0.89-1.70) | 0.2116 |
| Maternal HBV infection status | |||||||||
| HBsAg(-) | 1,126 | 351(31.2) | 775(68.8) | 1 | 272(24.2) | 854(75.8) | |||
| HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(+) | 9 | 5(55.6) | 4(44.4) | 0.55(0.14-2.22) | 0.4038 | 3(33.3) | 6(66.7) | 0.27(0.08-0.95) | 0.0410 |
| HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(-) | 10 | 5(50.0) | 5(50.0) | 0.48(0.13-1.78) | 0.2753 | 5(50.0) | 5(50.0) | 0.70(0.17-2.93) | 0.6239 |
| Unknown | 179 | 55(30.7) | 124(69.3) | 1.10(0.77-1.58) | 0.5961 | 44(24.6) | 135 (75.4) | 1.13(0.77-1.65) | 0.5380 |
| Gestational Diabetes | |||||||||
| yes | 39 | 13(33.3) | 26(66.7) | 1 | 9(23.1) | 30(76.9) | |||
| no | 1,285 | 403(31.4) | 882(68.6) | 1.05(0.51-2.15) | 0.8917 | 315(24.5) | 970(75.5) | 0.88(0.41-1.91) | 0.7449 |
| Hypertension in pregnancy | |||||||||
| yes | 32 | 12(37.5) | 20(62.5) | 1 | 8(25.0) | 24(75.0) | |||
| no | 1,292 | 404(31.3) | 888(68.7) | 1.31(0.61-2.81) | 0.4831 | 316(24.5) | 976(75.5) | 1.16(0.50-2.65) | 0.7311 |
| Birth condition | |||||||||
| Prematurity | |||||||||
| Yes | 127 | 36(28.4) | 91(71.7) | 1 | 31(24.4) | 96(75.6) | |||
| No | 1,197 | 380(31.8) | 817(68.3) | 0.97(0.63-1.49) | 0.8851 | 293(24.5) | 904(75.5) | 1.00(0.64-1.57) | 0.9991 |
| Birth parity | |||||||||
| ≥2 | 202 | 63(31.2) | 139(68.8) | 1 | 64(31.7) | 138(68.3) | |||
| 1 | 1,122 | 353(31.5) | 769(68.5) | 0.97(0.68-1.37) | 0.8387 | 260(23.2) | 862(76.8) | 1.33(0.94-1.88) | 0.1107 |
| Birth weight | |||||||||
| Normal birth weight | 1,202 | 380(31.6) | 822(68.4) | 291(24.2) | 911(75.8) | ||||
| Low birth weight | 38 | 8(21.1) | 30(79.0) | 1.61(0.70-3.69) | 0.2593 | 9(23.7) | 29(76.3) | 1.04(0.47-2.32) | 0.9279 |
| LGA## | 84 | 28(33.3) | 56(66.7) | 0.89(0.55-1.46) | 0.6503 | 24(28.6) | 60(71.4) | 0.82(0.50-1.35) | 0.4368 |
| Grow factors | |||||||||
| BMI* | |||||||||
| Normal | 833 | 260(31.2) | 573(68.8) | 1 | 197(23.6) | 636(76.4) | |||
| Underweight | 15 | 3(20.0) | 12(80.0) | 1.62(0.44-5.94) | 0.4688 | 4(26.7) | 11(73.3) | 0.74(0.23-2.38) | 0.6127 |
| Overweight | 476 | 153(32.1) | 323(67.9) | 0.93(0.72-1.19) | 0.5552 | 123(25.8) | 353(74.2) | 0.90(0.69-1.17) | 0.4168 |
| Zinc supplementation | |||||||||
| no | 855 | 273(31.9) | 582(68.1) | 1 | 209(24.4) | 646(75.6) | |||
| yes | 469 | 143(30.5) | 326(69.5) | 0.95(0.74-1.23) | 0.6995 | 115(24.5) | 354(75.5) | 1.09(0.83-1.43) | 0.5416 |
| Calcium supplementation | |||||||||
| no | 98 | 29(29.6) | 69(70.4) | 1 | 30(30.6) | 68(69.4) | |||
| yes | 1,226 | 387(31.6) | 839(68.4) | 1.15(0.71-1.87) | 0.5725 | 294(24.0) | 932(76.0) | 0.82(0.51-1.33) | 0.4191 |
| Residence | 1 | ||||||||
| Urban | 583 | 199(34.1) | 384(65.9) | 1.22(0.95-1.56) | 0.1164 | 158(27.3) | 425(72.7) | 1.40(1.08-1.82) | 0.0122 |
| Suburb | 741 | 217(29.3) | 524(70.7) | 166(22.4) | 575(77.6) | ||||
#
: Adjusted for month of post-vaccination serologic testing.
##
Large for gestational age
*
: Body mass index