Fig. 1.

Aberrant activation of YAP in lung tumors is associated with adverse prognosis.

a-d the mRNA and protein expression of YAP was detected by RT-PCR (a), western blot (b), RT-qPCR (c) and immunohistochemistry of frozen sections (d) in NSCLC tissues and their normal adjacent lung tissues. GAPDH and α-tubulin served as loading control respectively. e-g RT-PCR (e), RT-qPCR (f) and western blot (g) were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of YAP and its target genes, CTGF and Cyr61, and phosphorylation level of YAP in multiple NSCLC cell lines and normal control cells HBEC. h Immunofluorescence of stained YAP demonstrating increased total protein levels, as well as increased nuclear YAP localization, in both A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells relative to a normal HBEC cell line. i Subcellular localization of YAP was examined using western blot. j the phosphorylation level of YAP was analyzed by immunofluorescent staining in the HBEC, A549 and H1299 cells. k Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) curves for YAP expression (n = 1926, p = 1.1e-0.97 using a log-rank test of significance). Results were presented as mean ± SD, and the error bars represent the SD of three independent experiments. (**p < 0.01 vs control group correspond to two–tailed Student's tests).