Table 2.
Univariable Correlates of Experimental Virulence in a Murine Sepsis Model
| Category, Traita | All Isolates (n = 292) | Fecal Isolates (n = 116) | Clinical Isolates (n = 176) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | Mean Illness Severity Score | Correlationb | P b | No. (%) | Mean Illness Severity Score | Correlationb | P b | No. (%) | Mean Illness Severity Score | Correlationb | P b | ||||
| Trait Absent | Trait Present | Trait Absent | Trait Present | Trait Absent | Trait Present | ||||||||||
| Phylogenetic group | |||||||||||||||
| Group A | 30 (10) | 3.6 | 2.6 | –0.19 | .001 | 14 (12) | 3.4 | 2.7 | –0.08 | .26 | 16 (9) | 3.5 | 2.5 | –0.25 | .002 |
| Group B1 | 30 (10) | 3.4 | 2.1 | –0.31 | <.001 | 22 (19) | 3.4 | 2.0 | –0.40 | <.001 | 8 (5) | 3.5 | 2.3 | –0.19 | .03 |
| Group B2 | 167 (57) | 2.6 | 3.8 | 0.46 | <.001 | 61 (53) | 2.4 | 3.8 | 0.52 | <.001 | 106 (60) | 2.8 | 3.8 | 0.40 | <.001 |
| Group D | 41 (14) | 3.3 | 3.0 | –0.10 | .12 | 15 (13) | 3.2 | 2.6 | –0.16 | .06 | 26 (15) | 3.4 | 3.2 | –0.06 | .47 |
| STc | |||||||||||||||
| STc10 | 17 (6) | 3.3 | 2.8 | –0.09 | .12 | 6 (5) | 3.1 | 3.2 | 0.03 | .85 | 11 (6) | 3.5 | 2.7 | –0.17 | .046 |
| STc14 | 17 (6) | 3.3 | 2.8 | –0.09 | .07 | 5 (4) | 3.1 | 2.8 | –0.03 | .61 | 12 (7) | .35 | 2.8 | –0.14 | .06 |
| STc69 | 15 (5) | 3.3 | 3.0 | –0.05 | .41 | 6 (5) | 3.1 | 2.4 | –0.152 | .25 | 9 (5) | 3.4 | 3.4 | –0.02 | 1.0 |
| STc73 | 43 (15) | 3.2 | 3.9 | 0.20 | .001 | 4 (3) | 3.0 | 4.4 | 0.27 | <.001 | 34 (19) | 3.3 | 3.7 | 0.13 | .03 |
| STc95 | 37 (13) | 3.1 | 4.1 | 0.29 | <.001 | 19 (16) | 2.9 | 4.2 | 0.36 | <.001 | 18 (10) | 3.3 | 4.3 | 0.25 | <.001 |
| Adhesin | |||||||||||||||
| papAH | 145 (50) | 2.8 | 3.8 | 0.37 | <.001 | 42 (36) | 2.7 | 3.7 | 0.35 | <.001 | 103 (59) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 0.35 | <.001 |
| papG II | 114 (39) | 3.0 | 3.7 | 0.29 | <.001 | 29 (25) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 0.28 | .001 | 85 (48) | 3.1 | 3.7 | 0.23 | .001 |
| papG III | 44 (15) | 3.2 | 3.6 | 0.13 | .03 | 17 (15) | 3.0 | 3.4 | 0.12 | .24 | 27 (15) | 3.3 | 3.8 | 0.12 | .04 |
| sfa/focDE | 71 (24) | 3.1 | 3.7 | 0.20 | .001 | 22 (19) | 3.0 | 3.4 | 0.12 | .21 | 49 (28) | 3.2 | 3.9 | 0.22 | <.001 |
| sfaS | 25 (9) | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.13 | .02 | 11 (9) | 3.1 | 3.3 | 0.06 | .69 | 14 (8) | 3.3 | 4.3 | 0.21 | <.001 |
| focG | 34 (12) | 3.2 | 3.6 | 0.08 | .10 | 6 (5) | 3.1 | 3.1 | –0.02 | 1.0 | 28 (16) | 3.4 | 3.7 | 0.08 | .14 |
| afa/draBC | 21 (7) | 3.3 | 3.5 | 0.05 | .29 | 6 (5) | 3.1 | 3.4 | 0.08 | .61 | 15 (9) | 3.4 | 3.6 | 0.05 | .47 |
| iha | 102 (35) | 3.1 | 3.5 | 0.15 | .006 | 30 (26) | 3.0 | 3.4 | 0.15 | .14 | 72 (41) | 3.3 | 3.6 | 0.11 | .07 |
| hra | 86 (29) | 3.2 | 3.5 | 0.13 | .035 | 31 (27) | 3.0 | 3.4 | 0.13 | .13 | 55 (31) | 3.3 | 3.6 | 0.11 | .13 |
| yfcV | 245 (84) | 2.7 | 3.4 | 0.20 | <.001 | 97 (84) | 2.5 | 3.2 | 0.21 | .03 | 148 (84) | 2.9 | 3.5 | 0.18 | .03 |
| Toxin | |||||||||||||||
| hlyD | 90 (31) | 3.1 | 3.7 | 0.25 | <.001 | 22 (19) | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.18 | .07 | 68 (39) | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.27 | <.001 |
| hlyF | 19 (7) | 3.3 | 3.7 | 0.09 | .08 | 5 (4) | 3.1 | 4.0 | 0.13 | .08 | 14 (8) | 3.4 | 3.6 | 0.07 | .47 |
| cnf1 | 37 (13) | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.15 | .009 | 1 (0.8) | 3.1 | 3.1 | –0.004 | 1.0 | 26 (15) | 3.3 | 4.1 | 0.23 | <.001 |
| cdtB | 18 (6) | 3.3 | 3.6 | 0.06 | .27 | 4 (3) | 3.1 | 3.9 | 0.10 | .40 | 14 (8) | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.01 | .77 |
| sat | 94 (32) | 3.1 | 3.6 | 0.18 | .002 | 26 (22) | 2.9 | 3.7 | 0.25 | .009 | 68 (39) | 3.3 | 3.6 | 0.10 | .10 |
| pic | 31 (11) | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.14 | .02 | 5 (4) | 3.0 | 4.8 | 0.29 | <.001 | 26 (15) | 3.4 | 3.6 | 0.07 | .38 |
| vat | 154 (53) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 0.47 | <.001 | 56 (48) | 2.35 | 3.9 | 0.57 | <.001 | 98 (56) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 0.37 | <.001 |
| Siderophore | |||||||||||||||
| iroN | 90 (31) | 3.1 | 3.8 | 0.26 | <.001 | 30 (26) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 0.31 | .001 | 60 (34) | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.22 | .002 |
| fyuA | 210 (72) | 2.1 | 3.7 | 0.57 | <.001 | 71 (61) | 2.1 | 3.8 | 0.63 | < .001 | 139 (79) | 2.2 | 3.7 | 0.47 | <.001 |
| ireA | 68 (23) | 3.2 | 3.6 | 0.13 | .03 | 23 (19) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 0.24 | .006 | 45 (26) | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.05 | .63 |
| iutA | 126 (44) | 3.1 | 3.6 | 0.15 | .008 | 34 (29) | 2.9 | 3.6 | 0.24 | .01 | 92 (52) | 3.3 | 3.5 | 0.05 | .51 |
| chuA | 220 (75) | 2.3 | 3.6 | 0.43 | <.001 | 79 (68) | 2.2 | 3.5 | 0.44 | <.001 | 141 (80) | 2.4 | 3.7 | 0.41 | <.001 |
| Capsule | |||||||||||||||
| kpsM II | 211 (72) | 2.3 | 3.7 | 0.49 | <.001 | 78 (67) | .21 | .36 | 0.50 | <.001 | 133 (76) | 2.4 | 3.7 | 0.46 | <.001 |
| K1 | 83 (28) | 3.0 | 4.1 | 0.41 | <.001 | 35 (30) | 2.6 | 4.2 | 0.54 | <.001 | 48 (27) | 3.2 | 4.0 | 0.31 | <.001 |
| K2/K100 | 20 (7) | 3.3 | 3.6 | 0.08 | .19 | 1 (0.8) | 3.1 | 2.0 | –0.08 | .36 | 19 (11) | 3.4 | 3.7 | 0.11 | .24 |
| K5 | 32 (11) | 3.2 | 3.7 | 0.11 | .03 | 10 (9) | 3.0 | 3.8 | 0.18 | .049 | 22 (13) | 3.4 | 3.6 | 0.05 | .33 |
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||||
| cvaC | 16 (5.4) | 3.3 | 3.7 | 0.09 | .10 | 5 (4) | 3.0 | 4.4 | 0.18 | <.001 | 11 (6) | 3.4 | 3.4 | 0.07 | .94 |
| usp | 169 (58) | 2.6 | 3.8 | 0.48 | <.001 | 64 (55) | 2.2 | 3.8 | 0.59 | <.001 | 105 (60) | 2.8 | 3.8 | 0.40 | <.001 |
| traT | 171 (59) | 2.9 | 3.6 | 0.28 | <.001 | 64 (55) | 2.7 | 3.5 | 0.29 | .001 | 107 (61) | 3.0 | 3.6 | 0.23 | .001 |
| ibeA | 47 (16) | 3.1 | 4.1 | 0.28 | <.001 | 18 (16) | 3.0 | 3.9 | 0.24 | .007 | 29 (16) | 3.3 | 4.2 | 0.27 | <.001 |
| ompT | 208 (71) | 2.8 | 3.5 | 0.26 | <.001 | 81 (70) | 2.6 | 3.3 | 0.27 | .003 | 127 (72) | 2.9 | 3.6 | 0.24 | .002 |
| iss | 21 (7) | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.11 | .045 | 5 (4) | 3.0 | 4.5 | 0.21 | <.001 | 15 (90) | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.04 | .65 |
| H7 fliC | 48 (16) | 3.1 | 4.0 | 0.27 | <.001 | 27 (23) | 2.8 | 3.8 | 0.30 | .001 | 21 (12) | 3.3 | 4.3 | 0.29 | <.001 |
| malX | 153 (52) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 0.42 | <.001 | 54 (47) | 2.5 | 3.8 | 0.52 | <.001 | 99 (56) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 0.36 | <.001 |
| clbB/N | 123 (42) | 2.9 | 3.8 | 0.33/0.35 | <.001 | 43 (37) | 2.6 | 3.9 | 0.47/0.48 | <.001 | 79 (45) | 3.2 | 3.7 | 0.22/0.24 | .001 |
| Pathotype | |||||||||||||||
| ExPECJJ | 187 (64) | 2.5 | 3.7 | 0.48 | <.001 | 68 (59) | 2.3 | 3.8 | 0.56 | <.001 | 124 (70) | 2.7 | 3.7 | 0.39 | <.001 |
| UPECHM | 216 (74) | 2.1 | 3.7 | 0.56 | <.001 | 75 (65) | 2.0 | 3.7 | 0.63 | <.001 | 141 (80) | 2.2 | 3.7 | 0.48 | <.001 |
| Source | |||||||||||||||
| Clinical | 176 (60) | 3.1 | 3.4 | 0.12 | .04 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: E. coli, Escherichia coli; NA, not applicable; STc, sequence type complex.
aTraits shown are those with a 5%–95% overall prevalence. Definitions are as follows: papAH, P fimbriae major subunit (results were similar for papC, papEF, and papG); papG allele II, variant P adhesin; papG allele III, variant P adhesin, sfa/focDE, S and F1C fimbriae; sfaS, S fimbriae; focG, F1C adhesin; afa/draBC, Dr-binding adhesins, iha, adhesin-siderophore; yfcV, chaperone-usher fimbriae; hlyD, hemolysin; hlyF, hemolysin F; cnf1, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1; cdtB, cytolethal distending toxin; sat, secreted autotransporter toxin; pic, protein associated with intestinal colonization; vat, vacuolating autotransporter toxin; iroN, salmochelin receptor; fyuA, yersiniabactin receptor; ireA, siderophore receptor; iutA, aerobactin receptor; chuA, heme uptake; kpsM II, group 2 capsules; K1, variant group 2 capsule; K2/K100, group 2 capsule variants; K5, group 2 capsule variant; cvaC, colicin (microcin) V; usp, uropathogenic-specific protein; traT, serum resistance-associated surface exclusion protein; ibeA, invasion of brain endothelium; ompT, outer membrane protease; iss, increased serum survival; H7 fliC, variant flagellin; malX, pathogenicity island marker; clbB/N, colibactin synthesis; ExPECJJ, extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (molecular definition per James Johnson: ≥2 of papA and/or papC, sfa/foc, afa/dra, kpsM II, and iutA); UPECHM, uropathogenic E. coli (molecular definition per Harry Mobley: ≥2 of chuA, fyuA, vat, and yfcV).
bSpearman correlation coefficient (ρ).
cBy a 2-tailed t test. Values <.05 are considered statistically significant.