Table 2.

Association between dietary phosphorus intake and 24-hour blood pressure (mm Hg)

	Unadjusted		Adjusted for demographicsa		Fully adjustedb
	Difference	P	Difference	P	Difference	P
24-hour systolic BP
Per +500 mg/day phosphorus	−0.10	0.83	+0.01	0.98	−0.61	0.50
Per +5.0 mg/g phosphorus-to-protein ratio	−0.25	0.73	−0.48	0.52	−0.66	0.42
Per +0.2 mg/kcal phosphorus density	−0.22	0.72	−0.37	0.55	−0.49	0.49
Per +500 mg/day energy-adjusted phosphorus	−0.32	0.69	−0.51	0.53	−0.55	0.52
24-hour diastolic BP
Per +500 mg/day phosphorus	+0.24	0.42	+0.01	0.97	−0.48	0.41
Per +5.0 mg/g phosphorus-to-protein ratio	−1.11	0.02	−0.85	0.08	−0.92	0.09
Per +0.2 mg/kcal phosphorus density	−0.43	0.28	−0.30	0.47	−0.30	0.51
Per +500 mg/day energy-adjusted phosphorus	−0.50	0.34	−0.40	0.45	−0.41	0.46
24-hour pulse pressure
Per +500 mg/day phosphorus	−0.33	0.35	−0.003	0.99	−0.13	0.85
Per +5.0 mg/g phosphorus-to-protein ratio	+0.86	0.14	+0.37	0.52	+0.26	0.69
Per +0.2 mg/kcal phosphorus density	+0.21	0.67	−0.08	0.88	−0.19	0.73
Per +500 mg/day energy-adjusted phosphorus	+0.18	0.78	−0.11	0.86	−0.14	0.84

Abbreviation: BP, blood pressure.

^aModels were adjusted for age, sex, and income level.

^bModels were adjusted for age, sex, income level, diabetes, smoking status, current alcohol use, estimated glomerular filtration rate, number of antihypertensive medication classes, total energy intake, and dietary sodium. In models incorporating energy into the exposure (phosphorus density and energy-adjusted phosphorus intake), total energy was not added as a covariate. In models using phosphorus density as the exposure, we adjusted for sodium density (dietary sodium to total energy).