Table 3. Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence according to quintilesa of coffee and categoriesb of tea intake in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition cohort.
| HCC cases/N |
Model 1c | Model 2d | Model 3e | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||
| Coffee Intake (quintiles) | |||||||
| Q1 | 47 / 98,148 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Q2 | 49 / 100,953 | 0.96 | (0.63 to 1.44) | 0.91 | (0.60 to 1.38) | 0.85 | (0.56 to 1.29) |
| Q3 | 38 / 95,231 | 0.75 | (0.46 to 1.19) | 0.71 | (0.44 to 1.14) | 0.63 | (0.39 to 1.02) |
| Q4 | 36 / 96,413 | 0.67 | (0.41 to 1.10) | 0.61 | (0.37 to 1.01) | 0.49 | (0.29 to 0.82) |
| Q5 | 31 / 96,054 | 0.48 | (0.28 to 0.82) | 0.38 | (0.22 to 0.66) | 0.28 | (0.16 to 0.50) |
| P-trend | 0.004 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Tea Intake (categories) | |||||||
| C1 | 85 / 153,097 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| C2 | 37 / 76,393 | 0.96 | (0.62 to 1.49) | 1.04 | (0.67 to 1.61) | 1.05 | (0.68 to 1.63) |
| C3 | 35 / 73,424 | 0.90 | (0.58 to 1.41) | 1.01 | (0.65 to 1.58) | 0.98 | (0.63 to 1.53) |
| C4 | 24/ 79,872 | 0.68 | (0.40 to 1.16) | 0.82 | (0.48 to 1.41) | 0.71 | (0.41 to 1.23) |
| C5 | 18 / 68,135 | 0.49 | (0.27 to 0.89) | 0.60 | (0.32 to 1.10) | 0.41 | (0.22 to 0.78) |
| P-trend | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.003 | ||||
Abbreviations: HR, Hazard ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
Sex-specific quintiles (Q1-Q5) in the overall cohort
Categories of tea intake were defined as: non-consumers (C1); and the sex-specific quartiles among tea consumers (C2-C5) in the overall cohort.
Stratified for age at recruitment (in 1-year intervals) and for centre. Adjusted for sex. Norway was not included in analyses concerning tea intake as this information was not available.
Stratified for age at recruitment (in 1-year intervals) and for centre. Adjusted for sex, diabetes mellitus (self reported at enrolment), education, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, categorically as in Table 2 and energy intake (ordered in quintiles). Norway was not included in analyses concerning tea intake as this information was not available.
As model 2 but simultaneously including tea and coffee intake. Norway was not included in analyses concerning tea intake as this information was not available.