Table 2.
ORs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gallbladder and biliary tract cancers (GBTC) by circulating Se and SePP levels in the EPIC nested case-control study.
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | Gallbladder & biliary tract cancers (GBTC)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of ca/co | Matching factorsb OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable adjustedc OR (95% CI) |
No. of ca/co | Matching factorsb OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable adjustedc OR (95% CI) |
|
| Se, µg/L | ||||||
| Tertiles | ||||||
| <80.5 | 60/37 | ref. | ref. | 47/34 | ref. | ref. |
| 80.6-94.4 | 34/30 | 0.62 (0.32, 1.21) | 0.88 (0.35, 2.21) | 32/33 | 0.69 (0.35, 1.36) | 0.63 (0.29, 1.37) |
| >94.5 | 12/39 | 0.16 (0.07, 0.40) | 0.18 (0.05, 0.66) | 17/29 | 0.38 (0.17, 0.87) | 0.37 (0.13, 1.03) |
| p-trend | <0.001 | 0.016 | 0.022 | 0.055 | ||
| Per 20 µg/L | 106/106 | 0.40 (0.27, 0.60) | 0.41 (0.23, 0.72) | 96/96 | 0.74 (0.51, 1.07) | 0.74 (0.47, 1.18) |
| SePP, mg/L | ||||||
| Tertiles | ||||||
| <4.9 | 64/31 | ref. | ref. | 40/31 | ref. | ref. |
| 5-6.3 | 42/43 | 0.41 (0.21, 0.82) | 0.43 (0.18, 0.99) | 39/36 | 0.67 (0.31, 1.46) | 0.46 (0.18, 1.17) |
| >6.4 | 15/47 | 0.11 (0.04, 0.28) | 0.09 (0.03, 0.32) | 21/33 | 0.39 (0.16, 0.94) | 0.27 (0.09, 0.78) |
| p-trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.033 | 0.016 | ||
| Per 1.5 mg/L | 121/121 | 0.40 (0.27, 0.59) | 0.37 (0.21, 0.63) | 100/100 | 0.87 (0.60, 1.26) | 0.79 (0.51, 1.21) |
Abbreviations: EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; CI, confidence interval; OR, incidence rate ratio; Se, selenium; SePP, selenoprotein P.
Gallbladder and biliary tract cancers (GBTC) included tumours in the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, ampulla of Vater, and biliary tract.
ORs and 95% CI estimated by conditional logistic regression conditioned on the matching factors.
Additionally adjusted for body mass index (kg/m2, continuous), waist circumference (cm, continuous), baseline alcohol intake (g/d, continuous), physical activity (METs, continuous), smoking status (never, former, current, unknown), education (none/primary, technical/professional, secondary, university or higher), alcohol intake pattern (never drinkers, former drinkers, drinkers only at recruitment, always drinkers), self-reported diabetes, and total energy intake (kcal/d).