Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by sex in 4443 men and women, aged 40-75 years in EPIC-Norfolk cohort (1993-1997)
| Men n=2000 |
Women n=2443 |
P-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.1 (±9.53) | 60.4 (±9.71) | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5 (±3.18) | 26.2 (±4.24) | <0.01 |
| Family History Stroke (%) | 465 (23.3%) | 601 (24.6%) | 0.29 |
| Family History MI (%) | 720 (36.0%) | 934 (38.2%) | 0.13 |
| Family History DM (%) | 222 (11.1%) | 305 (12.5%) | 0.16 |
| Blood Pressure mmHg | |||
| SBP | 140 (±18.5) | 136 (±19.5) | <0.001 |
| DBP | 85.3 (±11.5) | 81.8 (±11.4) | <0.001 |
| PP | 54.2 (±11.2) | 54.0 (±11.4) | 0.66 |
| Antihypertensive Use (%) | 417 (20.9%) | 516 (21.1%) | 0.83 |
| Aspirin Use (%) | 271 (13.6%) | 197 (8.06%) | <0.001 |
| Blood Lipids mmol/L | |||
| Total Cholesterol | 6.07 (±1.10) | 6.36 (±1.22) | <0.001 |
| Smoking (%) | |||
| Current | 234 (11.7%) | 314 (12.9%) | <0.001 |
| Former | 1114 (55.7%) | 774 (31.7%) | |
| Never | 652 (32.6%) | 1355 (55.5%) | |
| Physical Activity (%) | |||
| Inactive | 644 (32.2%) | 800 (32.8%) | <0.001 |
| Moderately Inactive | 476 (23.8%) | 790 (32.3%) | |
| Moderately Active | 440 (22.0%) | 514 (21.0%) | |
| Active | 440 (22.0%) | 339 (13.9%) | |
| Education Level (%) | |||
| 0 – No Qualifications | 667 (33.4%) | 1086 (44.5%) | <0.001 |
| 1 – O-Level or Equivalent | 165 (8.3%) | 249 (10.2%) | |
| 2 – A-Level or Equivalent | 887 (44.4%) | 822 (33.7%) | |
| 3 – Degree or Equivalent | 281 (14.1%) | 286 (11.7%) | |
| Dietary Factors | |||
| Total Energy (kcal/d) | 2218 (±505) | 1685 (±384) | <0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 318 (±92.0) | 265 (±73.2) | <0.001 |
| Ca:Mg Ratio | 2.93 | 2.93 | 0.96 |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 3423 (±819) | 2962 (±683) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 15.9 (±20.8) | 7.70 (±11.7) | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mg/d) | 3150 (±864) | 2405 (±660) | <0.001 |
| Calcium Supplement Use (%) | 34 (1.70%) | 160 (6.55%) | <0.001 |
| Magnesium supplement use (%) | 22 (1.10%) | 53 (2.17%) | <0.01 |
1
P-value difference between males and females.
Values are mean and standard deviations where continuous and number and percentage where categorical.