Table 2. Results of log-linear models for the frequencies of occurrence of food types in the stomachs of golden jackals in SW Hungary (Lábod region), for the effect of survey occasion (food subsidies present and food subsidies removed), seasons (December–April, May–July, August—November), sex and their interaction.
| Item | Effect | df | χ2 | P | Item | Effect | df | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viscera and | Survey occasion | 1 | 2.40 | 0.1215 | Brown hare | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.38 | 0.5351 |
| other carrion | Season | 2 | 0.64 | 0.7257 | Season | 2 | 2.26 | 0.3224 | |
| Sex | 1 | 1.49 | 0.2229 | Sex | 1 | 1.02 | 0.3128 | ||
| Survey occasion × season | 2 | 6.21 | 0.0448 | Survey occasion × season | 2 | 0.40 | 0.8197 | ||
| Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 2.75 | 0.0975 | Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.33 | 0.5633 | ||
| Season × sex | 2 | 0.09 | 0.9543 | Season × sex | 2 | 0.38 | 0.8264 | ||
| Wild boar, | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.88 | 0.3472 | Domestic | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.30 | 0.5860 |
| adult | Season | 2 | 3.34 | 0.1887 | animals | Season | 2 | 0.41 | 0.8153 |
| Sex | 1 | 2.75 | 0.0973 | Sex | 1 | 1.10 | 0.2932 | ||
| Survey occasion × season | 2 | 2.54 | 0.2813 | Survey occasion × season | 2 | 4.48 | 0.1067 | ||
| Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.14 | 0.7097 | Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.01 | 0.9421 | ||
| Season × sex | 2 | 0.47 | 0.7906 | Season × sex | 2 | 0.95 | 0.6222 | ||
| Wild boar, | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.06 | 0.8089 | Birds | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.18 | 0.6705 |
| juvenile | Season | 2 | 1.16 | 0.5593 | Season | 2 | 3.00 | 0.2236 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.23 | 0.6309 | Sex | 1 | 1.18 | 0.2767 | ||
| Survey occasion × season | 2 | 1.14 | 0.5644 | Survey occasion × season | 2 | 0.61 | 0.7383 | ||
| Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.03 | 0.8699 | Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.10 | 0.7546 | ||
| Season × sex | 2 | 1.44 | 0.4880 | Season × sex | 2 | 0.10 | 0.9535 | ||
| Deer*, | Survey occasion | 1 | 3.37 | 0.0665 | Reptiles and | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.99 | 0.3186 |
| Adult | Season | 2 | 5.79 | 0.0552 | amphibians | Season | 2 | 1.59 | 0.4520 |
| Sex | 1 | 2.04 | 0.1530 | Sex | 1 | 0.00 | 0.9458 | ||
| Survey occasion × season | 2 | 1.55 | 0.4617 | Survey occasion × season | 2 | 0.19 | 0.9107 | ||
| Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 1.24 | 0.2660 | Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.35 | 0.5563 | ||
| Season × sex | 2 | 5.13 | 0.0770 | Season × sex | 2 | 0.04 | 0.9805 | ||
| Deer*, | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.95 | 0.3303 | Fish | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.05 | 0.8286 |
| juvenile | Season | 2 | 7.28 | 0.0262 | Season | 2 | 1.50 | 0.4716 | |
| Sex | 1 | 0.18 | 0.6713 | Sex | 1 | 0.15 | 0.6984 | ||
| Survey occasion × season | 2 | 0.16 | 0.9212 | Survey occasion × season | 2 | 3.21 | 0.2008 | ||
| Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.51 | 0.4756 | Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.00 | 0.9915 | ||
| Season × sex | 2 | 0.64 | 0.7275 | Season × sex | 2 | 0.12 | 0.9405 | ||
| Roe deer, | Survey occasion | 1 | 3.76 | 0.0526 | Invertebrates | Survey occasion | 1 | 5.56 | 0.0184 |
| adult | Season | 2 | 5.66 | 0.0591 | Season | 2 | 20.20 | 0.0000 | |
| Sex | 1 | 1.45 | 0.2279 | Sex | 1 | 0.15 | 0.7021 | ||
| Survey occasion × season | 2 | 0.52 | 0.7727 | Survey occasion × season | 2 | 2.26 | 0.3224 | ||
| Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.94 | 0.3324 | Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.03 | 0.8741 | ||
| Season × sex | 2 | 1.16 | 0.5609 | Season × sex | 2 | 5.04 | 0.0806 | ||
| Carnivores | Survey occasion | 1 | 1.31 | 0.2518 | Plants | Survey occasion | 1 | 1.24 | 0.2653 |
| Season | 2 | 0.28 | 0.8698 | Season | 2 | 24.79 | 0.0000 | ||
| Sex | 1 | 0.34 | 0.5615 | Sex | 1 | 8.46 | 0.0036 | ||
| Survey occasion × season | 2 | 1.38 | 0.5018 | Survey occasion × season | 2 | 2.95 | 0.2287 | ||
| Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.00 | 0.9605 | Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.00 | 0.9644 | ||
| Season × sex | 2 | 0.44 | 0.8023 | Season × sex | 2 | 1.38 | 0.5024 | ||
| Small | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.08 | 0.7754 | Others | Survey occasion | 1 | 0.38 | 0.5385 |
| mammals | Season | 2 | 12.60 | 0.0018 | Season | 2 | 1.81 | 0.4043 | |
| Sex | 1 | 2.52 | 0.1123 | Sex | 1 | 0.64 | 0.4251 | ||
| Survey occasion × season | 2 | 0.12 | 0.9406 | Survey occasion × season | 2 | 3.54 | 0.1700 | ||
| Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.05 | 0.8265 | Survey occasion × sex | 1 | 0.02 | 0.9007 | ||
| Season × sex | 2 | 1.27 | 0.5308 | Season × sex | 2 | 1.77 | 0.4129 |
*Fallow deer (Cervus dama) or red deer (Cervus elaphus). Numbers in italics indicate significant values (P < 0.0031, Bonferroni correction).