Table 5:

Subcortical Atlases suitable for / available within Lead-DBS.

Atlas Name	Pre- installe d in Lead- DBS	Source(s) of Information	Structures of Focus / Specialities	Publication(s)
“Made for” Lead-DBS
DISTAL Atlas	+	Histology, MRI, Tractography	STN, GPi	Ewert et al. 2018,Chakravarty et al. 2006, Chakravarty et al. 2008
Human Motor Thalamus	+	Histology	Motor domains of thalamus, projection from Cb, SN, BG	Ilinsky et al. 2018
Focus on DBS Relevant Structures
CIT168 Reinforcement Learning Atlas	+	MRI	Based on High Precision MRI	Pauli et al. 2017
ATAG-Atlas	+	MRI	7T MRI based segmentations	Keuken et al. 2014
MNI PD25 Atlas	+	MRI, Histology	Multimodal MR sequences, histology	Xiao et al. 2017, Chakravarty et al. 2008, Chakravarty et al. 2006
Ultra-high Field Atlas for DBS Planning	+	MRI	7T MRI based segmentations	Wang et al. 2016
DBS targets Atlas	+	Literature results	Literature informed DBS targets mapped to MNI space	Horn et al. 2017
BGHAT Atlas	+	MRI	Basal Ganglia Segmentations	Prodoehl et al. 2008
Basal Ganglia Atlas	−	MRI	Basal Ganglia Segmentations	Ahsan et al. 2007
PPN Histological Atlas	+	Histology	Definition of the PPN based on histology	Alho et al. 2017
GPi Probabilistic Parcellation Atlas	+	Tractography	Tractography based parcellation of the GPi	da Silva et al. 2016
Nigral Organization Atlas	+	Tractography, rs-fMRI	Functional zones of substantia nigra segmented by connectivity	Zhang et al. 2017
STN Only
STN Functional Zones Atlas	+	Tractography	Tractography-based segmentation of STN into functional zones	Accolla et al. 2014
ATAG-Atlas: STN Young–Middle-Aged–Elderly	+	MRI	7T MRI based segmentations, Three age groups	Keuken et al. 2013
Also see DISTAL, Human Motor Thalamus, CIT168, Ultra-High Field DBS, BGHAT & MNI PD25 atlases for definitions of the STN
Focus on Thalamus
Morel Atlas	−	Histology	Precise histological atlas of the subcortex	Jakab et al. 2012, Krauth et al. 2010, Morel et al. 2013
Thalamic DBS Connectivity Atlas	+	Tractography	Tractography based parcellation of the thalamus	Akram et al. 2018
Oxford Thalamic Connectivity Atlas	+	Tractography	Tractography based parcellation of the thalamus	Behrens et al. 2003
Thalamic Connectivity Atlas	+	Tractography	Tractography based parcellation of the thalamus	Horn & Blankenburg 2016
Thalamic Connectivity Atlas	+	Tractography, rs-fMRI	Structural-functional connectivity based parcellation of the thalamus	Zhang et al. 2008
Also see DISTAL, Human Motor Thalamus & MNI PD25 atlases for thalamic structures
Electrophysiological Data
Electrophysiological Atlas of STN Activity	+	Electrophysiology	Beta Power mapped to STN	Horn et al. 2017
Electrophysiological Atlas of GPi Activity	+	Electrophysiology	Theta Power mapped to GPi	Neumann et al. 2017
Other / Brainstem
Brainstem Connectome	+	Tractography	Population based fiber tracts of brainstem (HCP data)	Meola et al. 2016
Macroscale Human Connectome Atlas	+	Tractography	Population based fiber tracts of the whole brain (HCP data)	Yeh et al. 2018
BigBrain	−	Histology	Whole-Brain histological stacks registered to MNI space	Amunts et al. 2013
Harvard Ascending Arousal Network Atlas	+	Tractography, MRI	Atlas of Brainstem Structures	Edlow et al. 2012
Whole-Brain Parcellations with subcortical components useful for DBS
Functional Striatum Parcellation Atlas	+	rs-fMRI	Parcellation of the Striatum into functional zones	Choi et al. 2012
AICHA subcortical regions	+	rs-fMRI	Parcellation of the subcortical structures into functional zones	Joliot et al. 2015
Harvard-Oxford Atlas	+	MRI	Whole-Brain Atlas with subcortical definitions	Frazier et al. 2005
For a list of further whole-brain parcellations, see http://www.lead-dbs.org/?page_id=1004