Table 5.
Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of venous thromboembolism according to change in weight (kg) since age 18 in Nurses’ Health Study (1986–2014), Nurses’ Health Study II (1993–2015), and age 21 in Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1988–2012).
| Cases | Person-years | Multivariable-adjusted modela | Multivariable-adjusted model + BMIb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Weight Change | ||||
| NHS | ||||
| Loss of >4 kg | 115 | 107,142 | 1.13 (0.91, 1.41) | 1.15 (0.92, 1.43) |
| No change (± 4kg) | 258 | 298,452 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Gain 4 to <10 kg | 398 | 413,586 | 1.13 (0.97, 1.33) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.22) |
| Gain 10 to 15 kg | 359 | 307,500 | 1.33 (1.13, 1.57) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.33) |
| Gain 15 to 20 kg | 368 | 240,713 | 1.70 (1.45, 2.00) | 1.30 (1.07, 1.57) |
| Gain >20kg | 952 | 471,341 | 2.18 (1.89, 2.52) | 1.36 (1.13, 1.65) |
| p-trend | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
| NHS II | ||||
| Loss of >4 kg | 56 | 70,651 | 1.49 (1.10, 2.03) | 1.37 (1.01, 1.87) |
| No change (± 4kg) | 148 | 295,185 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Gain 4 to <10 kg | 284 | 440,454 | 1.25 (1.03, 1.53) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) |
| Gain 10 to 15 kg | 242 | 300,435 | 1.54 (1.26, 1.90) | 1.22 (0.97, 1.52) |
| Gain 15 to 20 kg | 242 | 229,682 | 1.96 (1.59, 2.41) | 1.36 (1.07, 1.72) |
| Gain >20kg | 999 | 581,644 | 2.92 (2.44, 3.49) | 1.48 (1.17, 1.87) |
| p-trend | <0.01 | 0.01 | ||
| HPFS | ||||
| Loss of >4 kg | 154 | 64,581 | 1.16 (0.94, 1.43) | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) |
| No change (± 4kg) | 235 | 133,222 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Gain 4 to <10 kg | 322 | 178,957 | 1.04 (0.87, 1.23) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) |
| Gain 10 to 15 kg | 244 | 107,560 | 1.21 (1.01, 1.45) | 1.06 (0.88, 1.29) |
| Gain 15 to 20 kg | 163 | 66,702 | 1.26 (1.02, 1.54) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.28) |
| Gain > 20kg | 297 | 81,451 | 1.72 (1.43, 2.05) | 1.20 (0.97, 1.50) |
| p-trend | <0.01 | 0.38 |
Abbreviations: NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; NHS II, Nurses’ Health Study II; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; BMI, body mass index; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; kg, kilogram.
Adjusted for age, physical activity, smoking, prevalent diabetes, prevalent hypertension, prevalent hypercholesterolemia, prevalent MI/angina, prevalent cancer, prevalent rheumatological disease, aspirin use, hormonal therapy use (NHS and NHS II only), oral contraceptive use (NHS II only)
Further adjustment for adult BMI