Table 2.

Quality assessment. One single study identified demonstrated operational training in practising leadership for the emergency medical team leader and consequently, the only study evaluated for quality of evidence.

Adaptive leadership curriculum for Indian paramedic trainees. Mantha et al.
Objective	Content of intervention	Conclusion	Risk of bias	Validity of evidence
NTS curriculum for Indian paramedic trainees focused on strengthening on-scene leadership, teamwork, and public speaking skills	40 paramedic trainees. Six-day course. Trainees completed self-assessments and delivered two brief video-recorded presentations before and after completion of the curriculum. Independent blinded observers scored 10 randomly selected trainees.	Outcomes of this leadership curriculum demonstrate a significant increase in paramedic trainees' self-perceived confidence, communication, and leadership skills	Performance bias.	Low body of evidence according to GRADE