Table 1.

Gene signatures considered and associated hallmarks of cancer

Signature name	Reference	Number of genes	Associated hallmarks
Epithelial mesenchymal transition, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Activating invasion and metastasis
Invasiveness	Marsan et al., 201470	16	Activating invasion and metastasis
Oxidative phosphorylation, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Deregulating cellular energetics
Reactive oxygen species pathway, MSigDB	MSigDB25	49	Deregulating cellular energetics
G2M checkpoint, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Enabling replicative immortality
PI3K-AKT-MTor signalling, MSigDB	MSigDB25	105	Evading growth suppressors
Xenobiotic metabolism, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Evading growth suppressors
DNA repair, MSigDB	MSigDB25	150	Genome instability and mutation, enabling replicative immortality
p53 Pathway, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Genome instability and mutation, enabling replicative immortality
Hypoxia	Buffa et al.24	51	Inducing angiogenesis
Angiogenesis, MSigDB	MSigDB25	36	Inducing angiogenesis
Hypoxia, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Inducing angiogenesis
Angiogenesis, upregulated	Desmedt et al.71	5	Inducing angiogenesis
Angiogenesis	Masiero et al.69	43	Inducing angiogenesis
Apoptosis, MSigDB	MSigDB25	161	Enabling replicative immortality
Apoptosis	Desmedt et al.71	4	Enabling replicative immortality
Proliferation, upregulated	Desmedt et al.71	140	Sustaining proliferative signalling
KRAS signalling, up, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Sustaining proliferative signalling
Inflammatory response, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Tumour-promoting inflammation, avoiding immune destruction
IL2-STAT5 signalling, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Tumour-promoting inflammation, avoiding immune destruction
IL6-JAK-STAT3 signalling, MSigDB	MSigDB25	87	Tumour-promoting inflammation, avoiding immune destruction
TGFβ signalling, MSigDB	MSigDB25	54	Tumour-promoting inflammation, avoiding immune destruction
TNFα signalling via NF-κB, MSigDB	MSigDB25	200	Tumour-promoting inflammation, avoiding immune destruction
Immune invasion, upregulated	Desmedt et al.71	92	Tumour-promoting inflammation, avoiding immune destruction