. 2018 Dec 7;9:336. doi: 10.1186/s13287-018-1078-8

Table 4.

Overview of the main MSC genetic modification (GM) strategies and their most commonly used constituents, as utilized in experimental cancer cytotherapy studies (N = 67)

GM strategy	Typical GM components
GM strategy	Antitumor agent(s)	Adoption rate (%)	Gene introduction vector *	Cellular vehicle *	Tumor target *
Antitumorigenic transgene overexpression	Anti-proliferative immune regulators (e.g., IFN-β)	41	AV	BM-MSC	Various
Antitumorigenic transgene overexpression	Pro-apoptotic molecule (e.g., sTRAIL)	20.5	LV	Various	Various
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT)	Cytosine deaminase (CD) + 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)	18.6	RV	AT-MSC	Various
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT)	Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) + ganciclovir (GSV)	8.5	RV	AT-MSC	Brain

*Most frequently observed (> 50% frequency) parameters