Table 5.
Prevalence estimates and odds ratios for associations between discrimination experiences with health service use
| Health service use (last 12 months) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health service use for mental health (n=181) | Secondary physical health service use (n=530) | |||||||
| n (%) | OR(95% CI)a | OR(95% CI)b | ORb (95% CI)c | n (%) | OR(95% CI)a | OR(95% CI)b | OR(95% CI)c | |
| Everyday discrimination | ||||||||
| Below median | 52(12.5) | 1.00 | 213(48.8) | 1.00 | ||||
| Median or above | 129(19.9) | 1.74(1.21-2.49) | 1.28(0.85-1.93) | 1.23(0.81-1.88) | 317(47.6) | 0.95(0.74-1.24) | 0.84(0.62-1.16) | 0.87(0.63-1.19) |
| Major discrimination | ||||||||
| 0 domains | 79(14.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 255(44.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1-2 domains | 59(15.6) | 1.07(0.74-1.55) | 0.71(0.46-1.10) | 0.68(0.43-1.06) | 181(47.8) | 1.14(0.87-1.49) | 1.12(0.82-1.53) | 1.14(0.83-1.56) |
| 3+ domains | 43(29.4) | 2.42(1.55-3.76) | 0.84(0.47-1.50) | 0.74(0.39-1.41) | 92(59.9) | 1.85(1.26-2.73) | 1.38(0.87-2.18) | 1.39(0.86-2.25) |
| Anticipated discrimination | ||||||||
| 0 domains | 106(13.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 364(45.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 domain | 49(22.9) | 1.89(1.28-2.80) | 1.28(0.79-2.09) | 1.36(0.83-2.22) | 120(52.3) | 1.30(0.95-1.79) | 1.28(0.89-1.85) | 1.28(0.88-1.85) |
| 2+ domains | 26(34.4) | 3.34(1.92-5.82) | 1.91(1.01-3.63) | 1.85(0.93-3.71) | 45(57.8) | 1.63(0.98-2.70) | 1.38(0.78-2.43) | 1.29(0.72-2.31) |
| Indicators of intersectional social identity | ||||||||
| Migrant, mixed Ethnicity, low SES | 1.38(0.68-2.81) | 1.26(0.60-2.63) | 0.54(0.32-0.93) | 0.51(0.30-0.89) | ||||
| White British, low SES | 0.83(0.38-1.80) | 0.81(0.37-1.77) | 0.98(0.58-1.66) | 1.03(0.60-1.75) | ||||
| Non migrant, mixed ethnicity, student | 1.72(0.87-3.40) | 1.85(0.93-3.68) | 1.45(0.86-2.46) | 1.47(0.86-2.51) | ||||
| Non migrant, mixed ethnicity, skilled | 1.22(0.63-2.36) | 1.21(0.63-2.34) | 1.08(0.69-1.69) | 1.06(0.68-1.67) | ||||
| Mixed migration status, mixed ethnicity, economically inactive | 2.28(1.11-4.69) | 2.32(1.11-4.84) | 1.15(0.65-2.03) | 1.18(0.67-2.09) | ||||
| Migrant, mixed ethnicity, high SES | 1.56(0.84-2.90) | 1.57(0.84-2.95) | 0.69(0.45-1.03) | 0.71(0.46-1.07) | ||||
| White British, high SES (reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
aUnadjusted models
bAdjusted for intersectional social status, age (continuous variable), gender, mental/physical disorder, long standing illness and discrimination experiences
cAs model 2 with additional adjustments for life events