. 2018 Aug 10;4(4):394–400. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.05.009

Table 5.

Effect of fennel, black cumin and red pepper supplementation on egg quality traits at 36 and 40 weeks of age.

Parameters	Treatments¹				SEM	P-value
Parameters	CON	T1	T2	T3	SEM	P-value
At the end of 36 weeks of age
Egg shape index	77.32^b	81.38^a	79.09^ab	79.70^ab	1.169	0.04
Shell weight, %	13.91	14.61	13.77	13.61	0.375	0.11
Albumen weight, %	57.01	61.74	59.25	59.69	1.551	0.08
Albumen index, %	10.80^b	11.09^b	11.65^a	11.20^b	0.135	0.002
Yolk weight, %	29.08^a	23.65^b	26.97^ab	26.95^ab	1.641	0.05
Yolk shape index, %	67.57	70.31	70.13	69.39	1.811	0.45
Yolk color score	5.44^b	6.78^a	6.33^ab	7.00^a	0.351	0.01
Haugh units	81.31^b	85.28^a	81.97^b	82.52^b	0.589	0.001
Shell thickness, mm	0.344	0.357	0.360	0.352	0.008	0.26
At the end of 40 weeks of age
Egg shape index	75.82^c	79.31^a	74.88^c	76.88^b	0.294	0.001
Shell weight, %	13.30^b	14.76^a	13.43^b	13.86^ab	0.337	0.01
Albumen weight, %	58.71^b	62.29^a	59.67^ab	60.04^ab	0.849	0.02
Albumen index, %	9.98	10.54	10.64	10.97	0.312	0.07
Yolk weight, %	27.99^a	22.95^b	26.89^a	26.09^a	0.939	0.004
Yolk shape index, %	65.73^c	69.11^a	65.57^c	67.54^b	0.489	0.001
Yolk color score	5.22^b	6.89^a	6.11^ab	7.06^a	0.336	0.002
Haugh units	79.39^c	83.07^a	79.72^c	81.43^b	0.377	0.001
Shell thickness, mm	0.353	0.370	0.382	0.365	0.011	0.16

SEM = standard error of the mean.

^a–c Within a row, means with different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05.

¹ CON: control, the basal diet; T1: the basal diet + 0.5% fennel seeds; the basal diet + T2: 0.5% black cumin seeds; T3: the basal diet + 0.5% hot red pepper.