Table 3.
Attitude and hazard ratio of death among women: the Leisure World Cohort Study, 1981–2016.
| All subjects (N=8682) | Excluding first five years of follow-up (N=7828) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. subjects† | No. deaths | Model 1a | Model 2b | No. subjects† | No. deaths | Model 1a | Model 2b | |||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||||
| My mind is as clear as it used to be | ||||||||||||
| None or little of the time | 124 | 121 | 1.43 | 1.20, 1.72 | 1.28 | 1.07, 1.54 | 78 | 75 | 1.14 | 0.91, 1.43 | 1.02 | 0.81, 1.29 |
| Some of the time | 495 | 491 | 1.39 | 1.27 1.52 | 1.27 | 1.16, 1.40 | 406 | 402 | 1.43 | 1.30, 1.59 | 1.33 | 1.20, 1.47 |
| A good part of the time | 1937 | 1901 | 1.09 | 1.03, 1.15 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.12 | 1716 | 1680 | 1.09 | 1.03, 1.15 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.13 |
| Most or all of the time | 6048 | 5866 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 5558 | 5366 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| I find it easy to do the things I used to do | ||||||||||||
| None or little of the time | 544 | 539 | 1.65 | 1.51, 1.82 | 1.39 | 1.26, 1.53 | 373 | 368 | 1.54 | 1.38, 1.72 | 1.30 | 1.16, 1.46 |
| Some of the time | 1920 | 1898 | 1.29 | 1.22, 1.37 | 1.18 | 1.11, 1.26 | 1635 | 1613 | 1.30 | 1.22, 1.38 | 1.18 | 1.11, 1.26 |
| A good part of the time | 3283 | 3214 | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.09 | 0.99 | 0.94, 1.04 | 3072 | 3003 | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.11 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.06 |
| Most or all of the time | 2826 | 2697 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2664 | 2535 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| I feel hopeful about the future | ||||||||||||
| None or little of the time | 331 | 328 | 1.53 | 1.36, 1.71 | 1.34 | 1.20, 1.50 | 242 | 239 | 1.46 | 1.28, 1.66 | 1.29 | 1.13, 1.47 |
| Some of the time | 924 | 911 | 1.25 | 1.16, 1.34 | 1.16 | 1.08, 1.24 | 785 | 772 | 1.22 | 1.13, 1.31 | 1.13 | 1.05, 1.22 |
| A good part of the time | 1973 | 1941 | 1.09 | 1.04, 1.15 | 1.07 | 1.02, 1.13 | 1767 | 1735 | 1.08 | 1.02, 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.13 |
| Most or all of the time | 5275 | 5099 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4885 | 4709 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| I find it easy to make decisions | ||||||||||||
| None or little of the time | 289 | 282 | 1.18 | 1.05, 1.33 | 1.10 | 0.97, 1.24 | 213 | 206 | 1.09 | 0.95, 1.26 | 1.04 | 0.90, 1.19 |
| Some of the time | 1101 | 1080 | 1.10 | 1.03, 1.17 | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.13 | 967 | 946 | 1.11 | 1.03, 1.18 | 1.07 | 0.99, 1.14 |
| A good part of the time | 2698 | 2642 | 0.96 | 0.92, 1.01 | 0.96 | 0.91, 1.01 | 2451 | 2395 | 0.97 | 0.92, 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.91, 1.01 |
| Most or all of the time | 4509 | 4370 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4125 | 3986 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| I feel that I am useful and needed | ||||||||||||
| None or little of the time | 412 | 406 | 1.28 | 1.16, 1.42 | 1.14 | 1.03, 1.26 | 305 | 299 | 1.21 | 1.08, 1.36 | 1.09 | 0.97, 1.22 |
| Some of the time | 1038 | 1027 | 1.24 | 1.16, 1.33 | 1.16 | 1.09, 1.24 | 876 | 865 | 1.21 | 1.13, 1.31 | 1.14 | 1.06, 1.23 |
| A good part of the time | 1750 | 1705 | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.08 | 1.02 | 0.96, 1.08 | 1581 | 1536 | 1.02 | 0.96, 1.08 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.07 |
| Most or all of the time | 5364 | 5203 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4976 | 4815 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| My life is pretty full | ||||||||||||
| None or little of the time | 316 | 310 | 1.58 | 1.41, 1.78 | 1.33 | 1.19, 1.50 | 228 | 222 | 1.45 | 1.26, 1.66 | 1.22 | 1.06, 1.40 |
| Some of the time | 856 | 848 | 1.38 | 1.28, 1.48 | 1.25 | 1.16, 1.35 | 701 | 693 | 1.33 | 1.23, 1.44 | 1.21 | 1.12, 1.31 |
| A good part of the time | 1996 | 1955 | 1.14 | 1.08, 1.20 | 1.09 | 1.03, 1.14 | 1788 | 1747 | 1.14 | 1.08, 1.20 | 1.09 | 1.03, 1.15 |
| Most or all of the time | 5412 | 5242 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 5034 | 4864 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| I still enjoy the things I used to | ||||||||||||
| None or little of the time | 289 | 285 | 1.62 | 1.44, 1.82 | 1.39 | 1.23, 1.57 | 200 | 196 | 1.44 | 1.25, 1.67 | 1.27 | 1.10, 1.46 |
| Some of the time | 990 | 973 | 1.29 | 1.20, 1.38 | 1.18 | 1.10, 1.26 | 820 | 803 | 1.27 | 1.18, 1.37 | 1.17 | 1.08, 1.26 |
| A good part of the time | 2011 | 1978 | 1.07 | 1.02, 1.13 | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.08 | 1812 | 1779 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.13 | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.08 |
| Most or all of the time | 5304 | 5133 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4925 | 4754 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Attitude score (persons with missing items excluded) | ||||||||||||
| <21 | 1651 | 1632 | 1.38 | 1.29, 1.46 | 1.24 | 1.16, 1.32 | 1354 | 1335 | 1.35 | 1.26, 1.44 | 1.22 | 1.14, 1.31 |
| 21–24 | 2135 | 2092 | 1.12 | 1.05, 1.18 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.13 | 1927 | 1883 | 1.11 | 1.05, 1.18 | 1.06 | 1.00, 1.13 |
| 25-26 | 1706 | 1662 | 1.02 | 0.96, 1.09 | 0.99 | 0.94, 1.06 | 1589 | 1543 | 1.03 | 0.96, 1.10 | 1.00 | 0.94, 1.07 |
| 27-28 | 2740 | 2625 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2592 | 2472 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Attitude score (missing items given score of 1) | ||||||||||||
| <21 | 1925 | 1904 | 1.37 | 1.29, 1.45 | 1.23 | 1.16, 1.31 | 1561 | 1540 | 1.34 | 1.26, 1.43 | 1.22 | 1.14, 1.30 |
| 21–24 | 2289 | 2244 | 1.12 | 1.06, 1.19 | 1.06 | 1.00, 1.13 | 2067 | 2021 | 1.12 | 1.06, 1.19 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.13 |
| 25-26 | 1728 | 1684 | 1.02 | 0.96, 1.09 | 1.00 | 0.94, 1.06 | 1608 | 1562 | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.10 | 1.00 | 0.94, 1.07 |
| 27-28 | 2740 | 2625 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2592 | 2472 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Attitude score (missing items given score of 4) | ||||||||||||
| <21 | 1741 | 1721 | 1.38 | 1.30, 1.47 | 1.24 | 1.17, 1.32 | 1418 | 1397 | 1.34 | 1.26, 1.44 | 1.22 | 1.14, 1.30 |
| 21–24 | 2272 | 2227 | 1.12 | 1.06, 1.18 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.13 | 2039 | 1994 | 1.11 | 1.05, 1.18 | 1.07 | 1.01, 1.13 |
| 25-26 | 1823 | 1779 | 1.04 | 0.98, 1.10 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.07 | 1686 | 1642 | 1.04 | 0.97, 1.10 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.08 |
| 27-28 | 2846 | 2730 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2686 | 2570 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. †Subjects do not always total 8682 or 7828 due to those with missing values. aModel 1: adjusted for age (i.e., age as time scale). bModel 2: adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index, exercise, alcohol intake, caffeine consumption, and histories of hypertension, angina, heart attack, stroke, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.