Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Bivariate (partial) correlations of L1 and L2 proficiencies (controlled for age).
| Receptive vocabulary (L2) | Expressive vocabulary (L2) | Grammar (L2) | Phonological memory (L2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Receptive vocabulary (L1) | -0.10 | -0.10 | -0.10 | 0.28∗ |
| Expressive vocabulary (L1) | -0.40∗ | -0.41∗ | -0.41∗ | 0.09 |
| Grammar (L1) | 0.04 | -0.08 | -0.04 | 0.34∗ |
| Phonological memory (L1) | 0.26∗ | 0.27∗ | 0.27† | 0.51∗∗ |
†p < 0.10; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01.
