Table 5.

Crude health outcomes rates and association between adherence (PDC ≥ 80%) and health outcomes according to different approaches for PDC estimation (crude and adjusted hazard ratios).

	Crude incidence rates per 100 person-years		Hazard ratios (95% CI)
	Adherent	Non-adherent	Unadjusted	Adjusted
PD cohort
Death (any cause)	6.61 (6.42–6.81)	8.24 (7.32–9.28)	0.79 (0.79–0.90)	0.82 (0.72–0.93)
Ischemic stroke	0.88 (0.79–0.98)	1.28 (0.84–1.97)	0.68 (0.44–1.05)	0.66 (0.43–1.02)
Bleeding	1.45 (1.34–1.57)	1.34 (0.88–2.04)	1.09 (0.71–1.67)	1.04 (0.68–1.58)
D1 cohort
Death (any cause)	6.38 (6.16–6.60)	7.46 (7.08–7.86)	0.86 (0.81–0.91)	0.80 (0.75–0.86)
Ischemic stroke	0.79 (0.70–0.90)	1.16 (0.98–1.38)	0.69 (0.56–0.85)	0.64 (0.51–0.79)
Bleeding	1.45 (1.32–1.60)	1.45 (1.24–1.69)	1.00 (0.84–1.20)	0.96 (0.79–1.15)
D2 cohort
Death (any cause)	6.38 (6.16–6.60)	6.94 (6.53–7.37)	0.93 (0.86–0.99)	0.86 (0.80–0.93)
Ischemic stroke	0.80 (0.70–0.90)	1.20 (1.00–1.46)	0.66 (0.53–0.83)	0.61 (0.49–0.77)
Bleeding	1.45 (1.32–1.60)	1.59 (1.35–1.87)	0.91 (0.76–1.10)	0.86 (0.71–1.04)

PD, prescription-dispensation cohort; D1, dispensation-only cohort with at least 1 refill; D2, dispensation-only cohort with at least two refills. n: 38,026 (PD cohort), 37,744 (D1 cohort) and 35,412 (D2 cohort) for death, and 28,339 (PD cohort), 28,128 (D1 cohort) and 26,451 (D2 cohort) for stroke and bleeding. Mean follow-up time: 1.86 years for death and 1.44 years for stroke and bleeding.