Figure 3.

Comparison of the expression levels of brain-derived neuronal factor (BDNF) in the following groups of mice: control group, scopolamine-treated mice, scopolamine-treated mice administered donepezil, scopolamine-treated mice administered 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg fermented Spirulina maxima extract (FS), and scopolamine-treated mice administered 1 and 5 mg/kg β-carotene. The values shown are the mean escape latency times ± SDs (n=6). ∗p<0.05, ∗∗p<0.01, and ∗∗∗p<0.001 show significant differences in comparison to the scopolamine-treated group (n=6).