Table 1.
Symptomatic pseudo progression: review of the literature
| Author, (Year), reference | Sex/age (years) | Histology | Initial stage | Line of systemic therapy | PD-L1 expression | Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 | Time to PP | Symptoms of PP | Time to response (months) | Subsequent treatment (time) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sarfay et al. (2016)17 | F/68 | squamous NSCLC | locally advanced | 2 | NR | nivolumab | 1 week | Pain, sys.inflam.reac | 4 weeks | NC (6m) |
| Kolla et al. (2016)18 | M/46 | SCLC | NR | 11 | NR | nivolumab | NR | SVCS, stenting req., Card. tamponade, Pericard.req. Card.tamponade | 8 weeks | NC (12m) |
| F/54 | adenoca EGFR ex21 | metastatic | 5 | NR | nivolumab | NR | Pericard.req | 8 weeks | IT S, osi | |
| Izumida et al. (2017)19 | M/64 | adenoca | metastatic | 6 | NR | nivolumab | 2 months | Gen.det | 3 months | IT S, IT reint. (11m) |
| Kumagai et al. (2017)20 | F/62 | adenoca | locally advanced | 7 | NR | nivolumab | 12 weeks | Hemoptysis, art.embol.req | 20 weeks | Pacli, S-1 |
| Hochmair et al. (2017)21 | M/63 F/63 | adenoca adenoca | locally advanced metastatic | 22 | 90% Highly | pembrolizumab pembrolizumab | 2 months 4 weeks | Resp.insuf. (O2 req) Gen.det., Resp.insuf.(O2 req) | 6 weeks after PP 3 months | NC (13m) NC (19m) |
| Vrankar et al. (2018) | F/67 | adenoca | metastatic | 2 | 100% | pembrolizumab | 2 weeks | Gen.det | 3 months | IT reint. (11m) |
adenoca = adenocarcinoma; art.= arterial; card.= cardiac; det.= deterioration; embol.= embolization; ex21 = exon 21; gen.= general; insuf.= insufficiency; IT = immunotherapy; m = months; NC = not changed; NR = not reported, osi = osimertinib; pacli = paclitaxel; pericard.= pericardiocentesis; PP = pseudo progression; req.= required; reint.= reinitiated; resp.= respiratory; S = stopped; S-1 = tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil; SVCS = syndrome vena cava superior; sys.inflam.reac.= systemic inflammatory reaction