Table 4.
Multivariable Associations of School Connectedness Variables with Cross-Level Interactions between School-based Health Centers and Parent’s Highest Education Level (N=300,000): California Healthy Kids Survey, California, 2013–2014
| Adult Caring (standardized scale) | Adult Expectations (standardized scale) | Meaningful Participation (standardized scale) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| B (95% CI) | p-value | B (95% CI) | p-value | B (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Intercept | 0.18 (0.16, 0.19) | < .01 | 0.20 (0.18, 0.21) | < .01 | 0.27 (0.25, 0.28) | < .01 |
| STUDENT-LEVEL VARIABLES | ||||||
| Parent’s highest education level | ||||||
| Less than high school degree | −0.25 (−0.27, −0.24) | < .01 | −0.26 (−0.27, −0.25) | < .01 | −0.31 (−0.33, −0.30) | < .01 |
| High school degree | −0.17 (−0.18, −0.16) | < .01 | −0.17 (−0.18, −0.16) | < .01 | −0.21 (−0.22, −0.20) | < .01 |
| Attended some college | −0.11 (−0.12, −0.09) | < .01 | −0.11 (−0.12, −0.09) | < .01 | −0.14 (−0.15, −0.13) | < .01 |
| College degree | referent | referent | referent | |||
| Don’t know | −0.26 (−0.28, −0.25) | < .01 | −0.26 (−0.27, −0.24) | < .01 | −0.34 (−0.35, −0.32) | < .01 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Black | −0.07 (−0.09, −0.05) | < .01 | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.03) | < .01 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.193 |
| White | referent | referent | referent | |||
| Hispanic/Latino | −0.16 (−0.17, −0.15) | < .01 | −0.13 (−0.14, −0.11) | < .01 | −0.11 (−0.12, −0.10) | < .01 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | −0.14 (−0.15, −0.13) | < .01 | −0.07 (−0.08, −0.06) | < .01 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.247 |
| Other | −0.11 (−0.12, −0.09) | < .01 | −0.10 (−0.11, −0.08) | < .01 | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.01) | < .01 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Boy | referent | referent | referent | |||
| Girl | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | < .01 | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | < .01 | −0.09 (−0.09, −0.08) | < .01 |
| Grade | ||||||
| 9th | referent | referent | referent | |||
| 10th | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | < .01 | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.01) | < .01 | −0.05 (−0.07, −0.03) | < .01 |
| 11th | 0.14 (0.13, 0.15) | < .01 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.02) | < .01 | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | < .01 |
| 12th | 0.25 (0.23, 0.26) | < .01 | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | < .01 | 0.07 (0.05, 0.08) | < .01 |
| SCHOOL-LEVEL VARIABLES | ||||||
| School-based health center | ||||||
| No | referent | referent | referent | |||
| Yes | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.05) | 0.863 | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.00) | 0.075 | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02) | < .01 |
| Total size of student body | −0.01 (−0.03, −0.00) | 0.038 | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.00) | 0.033 | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.02) | < .01 |
| Percentage of student body that is White | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.964 | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.922 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.381 |
| Percentage of student body eligible for free/reduced price lunch | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.00) | 0.022 | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.577 | −0.00 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.712 |
| CROSS-LEVEL INTERACTIONS | ||||||
| Parent’s highest education level × School-based health center | ||||||
| Less than high school degree × School-based health center | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) | < .01 | 0.07 (0.04, 0.11) | < .01 | 0.10 (0.07, 0.13) | < .01 |
| High school degree × School-based health center | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | < .01 | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | < .01 | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | < .01 |
| Attended some college × School-based health center | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.386 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.384 | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.783 |
| College degree × School-based health center | referent | referent | referent | |||
| Don’t know × School-based health center | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.293 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.400 | 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) | < .01 |
Note. CI = confidence interval