Table 3.
Stunting levels, by gender, geographical location and wealth quintiles
| Country | Ghana | Zambia | Kenya | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2003 | 2008 | 2014 | 2001 | 2007 | 2013 | 2003 | 2008 | 2014 | |
| Gender | Male | 38.8% | 29.7% | 19.9% | 54.6% | 48.7% | 42.4% | 39.4% | 37.3% | 29.7% |
| Female | 32.2% | 26.4% | 17.9% | 50.6% | 42.3% | 37.8% | 31.8% | 33.2% | 22.3% | |
| Area | Rural | 41.1% | 32.2% | 22.6% | 57.0% | 48.2% | 42.1% | 36.8% | 37.2% | 29.1% |
| Urban | 24.4% | 21.8% | 14.6% | 42.8% | 39.8% | 36.0% | 29.7% | 25.7% | 19.7% | |
| Wealth quintile | 1, poorest | 48.8% | 36.5% | 26.5% | 58.4% | 47.1% | 46.7% | 42.4% | 43.7% | 36.5% |
| 2, poorer | 37.9% | 31.2% | 26.1% | 60.3% | 51.3% | 43.7% | 39.5% | 42.1% | 30.2% | |
| 3, middle | 38.9% | 30.3% | 16.2% | 56.5% | 48.1% | 38.7% | 36.6% | 33.9% | 26.6% | |
| 4, richer | 29.9% | 22.2% | 17.9% | 48.6% | 46.2% | 39.8% | 31.5% | 29.5% | 19.7% | |
| 5, richest | 18.2% | 18.1% | 5.5% | 37.0% | 35.3% | 30.0% | 25.5% | 23.5% | 13.1% | |
Source: DHS (2001,2003,2007,2008, 2013 and 2014). Authors’ calculations