. 2018 Dec 5;13:2481–2486. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S181497

Table 2.

Characteristics and univariate analyses by patient outcome

	Functional decline^c N=22 (%)	Significant	30-day mortality N=25 (%)	Significant	Overall mortality^d N=105 (%)	Significant
Age (years), mean (SD)	86.0 (6.0)		85.0 (6.0)		85 (6.0)
Gender (male)	3 (14)	0.269^b	11 (44)	0.020^a	29 (28)	0.405^a
Cardiovascular disease	18 (82)	0.200^b	24 (96)	0.004^b	86 (82)	0.005^a
Neurodegenerative disease	5 (23)	0.165^a	9 (36)	0.245^a	41 (39)	0.000^a
Chronic pulmonary disease	1 (5)	–	5 (20)	0.143^a	16 (15)	0.098^a
Diabetes mellitus	4 (18)	–	8 (32)	0.208^a	30 (29)	0.042^a
Polypharmacy^e	18 (82)	0.081^b	21 (84)	0.047^b	76 (72)	0.047^a
Living in a nursing home	0	–	5 (20)	0.301^a	23 (22)	0.001^a
Risk for malnutrition^f	4 (18)	0.074^b	5 (33)	0.029^a	22 (21)	0.000^a
Frail by VMS^g	15 (68)	0.003^a	20 (91)	0.001^b	80 (76)	0.000^a
Frail by GFI^h	15 (71)	0.063^a	11 (79)	0.165^b	47 (45)	0.001^a
Operation technique ([hemi]arthroplasty)	4 (18)	0.015^b	14 (56)	0.208^a	45 (43)	0.756^a
Delirium	2 (9)	0.732^b	10 (18)	0.008^a	34 (60)	0.000^a

Notes: Values are number (percentage) of patients.

Pearson Chi-squared test.

Fisher’s exact test.

Decline in Barthel-20 index score 2 months after surgery.

Data of mortality were collected from the population register at one point after two till 3 years after surgery.

Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more prescriptions with different ATC3 codes at admission.

Based on SNAQ, ≥1.

Frail according to VMS (Hospital Safety Management) was defined as two or more questions scored yes.

Frail according to GFI when the total score was 4 or higher. Bold text indicates a statistically significant correlation (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: GFI, Groningen Frailty Index; SNAQ, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire; VMS, VeiligheidsManagementSysteem.