Transcriptional activity of RpoN-dependent type IV pilin promoter PpilA was increased in pyrimidine biosynthesis mutants compared to the parent PAO581. The β-galactosidase activity of PpilA measured using pLP170-PpilA-lacZ reporter constructs in PAO1, PAO581, PAO581 carA, PAO581 carB, and PAO581 pyrD grown on PIA plates containing carbenicillin and uracil at 37°C for 24 h. Relative expression mean values ± standard deviations from triplicate reads are shown. Two-way ANOVA was used with statistical significance at P < 0.01 (****, P < 0.0001).