Table 4.
Change in fecal organic acids and pH in infant feces during breast massage
| Before massage | After massage | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| μmol/g | Prevalence | μmol/g | Prevalence | P-valuea | |
|
| |||||
| Total organic acid | 81.8±55.5b | 14/14 | 102.3±77.6 | 14/14 | 0.55 |
| Succinic acid | 9.5±9.6 | 12/14 | 10.4±14.1 | 14/14 | 0.22 |
| Lactic acid | 34.7±30.6 | 13/14 | 49.3±48.6 | 10/14 | 0.86 |
| Formic acid | 6.1±6.8 | 7/14 | 5.7±3.5 | 9/14 | 0.39 |
| Acetic acid | 37.8±25.6 | 14/14 | 41.9±35.8 | 14/14 | 0.83 |
| Propionic acid | 1.2±1.2 | 6/14 | 0.7±0.7 | 5/14 | 0.21 |
| Butyric acid | ND | 5.5 | 2/14 | ||
| Isovaleric acid | ND | ND | |||
| Valeric acid | ND | ND | |||
| pH | 5.3±0.7 | 14/14 | 5.3±1.0 | 13/14 | 0.59 |
Notes:
a
Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the difference in changes of fecal organic acids and pH during breast massage.
b
Data are expressed as mean and SD.
Abbreviation: ND, not detected.