Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | ACE Inhibitor, n=413 | ARB, n=414 | Combination, n=416 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at randomization, yr, mean (SD) | 62.2 (11.2) | 62.7 (10.7) | 63.4 (10.0) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Women | 290 (71.3) | 288 (71.5) | 295 (72.5) |
| Men | 117 (28.7) | 115 (28.5) | 112 (27.5) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Black | 4 (1.0) | 6 (1.5) | 2 (0.5) |
| Other | 399 (99.0) | 399 (98.5) | 407 (99.5) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 353 (85.5) | 351 (84.8) | 355 (85.3) |
| Type 1 | 11 (3.2) | 11 (3.2) | 10 (2.9) |
| Type 2 | 331 (96.8) | 329 (96.8) | 337 (97.1) |
| Albuminuria, n (%) | |||
| Moderate albuminuria | 291 (70.5) | 295 (71.3) | 304 (73.1) |
| Severe albuminuria | 103 (24.9) | 109 (26.3) | 102 (24.5) |
| Smoker, n (%) | |||
| Current | 96 (23.2) | 96 (23.2) | 95 (22.8) |
| Former | 122 (29.5) | 103 (24.9) | 134 (32.2) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 30.5 (5.6) | 30.8 (5.5) | 30.5 (5.4) |
| Weight, kg, mean (SD) | 84.3 (16.4) | 85.1 (17.1) | 83.7 (16.9) |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 105.0 (14.3) | 105.0 (12.6) | 104.7 (13.1) |
| Heart rate, min, mean (SD) | 75.6 (10.5) | 74.5 (10.3) | 74.0 (9.0) |
| BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | |||
| Systolic | 138.0 (16.7) | 138.2 (15.7) | 137.8 (16.8) |
| Diastolic | 80.6 (9.4) | 80.0 (9.0) | 80.4 (9.8) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 138.1 (46.4) | 143.2 (52.0) | 139.5 (47.6) |
| HbA1C, %, mean (SD) | 7.5 (1.6) | 7.6 (1.7) | 7.5 (1.5) |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2, mean (SD) | 70.2 (28.0) | 68.0 (27.7) | 65.5 (27.8) |
| eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | 144 (34.9) | 155 (37.4) | 174 (41.8) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 1.10 (0.73) | 1.14 (0.81) | 1.15 (0.59) |
| Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, median (IQR), mg/g | 108 (55–302) | 110 (52–316) | 128 (57–325) |
| Serum potassium, mEq/L, mean (SD) | 4.49 (0.61) | 4.54 (0.56) | 4.55 (0.63) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 180.1 (41.8) | 178.0 (38.9) | 176.0 (42.1) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 103.6 (36.2) | 102.6 (34.0) | 101.3 (33.6) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 154.0 (88.0) | 144.8 (77.1) | 146.0 (81.5) |
| Symptomatic neuropathy, n (%) | 62 (15.0) | 47 (11.3) | 55 (13.2) |
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 97 (26.4) | 88 (21.3) | 109 (26.2) |
| Previous cardiovascular event, n (%) | 94 (22.8) | 101 (24.4) | 102 (24.5) |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 40 (9.7) | 42 (10.1) | 43 (10.3) |
| Medications before randomization, n (%) | |||
| BP lowering | 346 (83.8) | 346 (83.8) | 369 (88.7) |
| ACE inhibitor | 176 (42.6) | 176 (42.6) | 187 (45.0) |
| ARB | 174 (42.1) | 174 (42.1) | 209 (50.2) |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 317 (76.8) | 317 (76.8) | 342 (82.2) |
| β-Blocker | 99 (24.0) | 99 (24.0) | 78 (18.8) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 110 (26.6) | 110 (26.6) | 129 (31.0) |
| Diuretic | 150 (36.3) | 150 (36.3) | 180 (43.3) |
| Lipid lowering | 234 (56.7) | 234 (56.7) | 251 (60.3) |
| Statin | 214 (51.8) | 214 (51.8) | 227 (54.6) |
| Ezetimibe | 18 (4.4) | 18 (4.4) | 19 (4.6) |
| Fibrate | 12 (2.9) | 12 (2.9) | 14 (3.4) |
| Omega-3 PUFA | 33 (8.0) | 33 (8.0) | 42 (10.1) |
| Platelet aggregation inhibitors | 161 (39.0) | 161 (39.0) | 170 (40.9) |
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 142 (34.4) | 142 (34.4) | 151 (36.3) |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acids.