Table 1:
Descriptive Characteristics of the Sample
| HC (N=27) Mean (SD) | BD Patient (N=62) Mean (SD) | Statistic (p) | Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 35.1 (10.8) | 38.3 (12.6) | F=1.31 (.26) | -- |
| Sex (F) | 16 (59%) | 38 (61%) | X2=.03 (.86) | -- |
| Race (White) | 5 (19%) | 26 (42%) | X2=4.54 (.03)* | -- |
| Premorbid IQ | 105.8 (13.0) | 104.1 (14.0) | F=0.30 (.59) | -- |
| Years of Education | 15.8 (1.8) | 14.8 (3.0) | F=2.35 (.13) | -- |
| CARS-M | 0.4 (1.0) | 2.7 (3.5) | F=5.45 (<.01)* | -- |
| HAM-D | 0.6 (1.2) | 7.3 (7.0) | F=24.4 (<.01)* | -- |
| Psychotic Features (%) | -- | 31 (50%) | -- | -- |
| Lifetime substance abuse (%) | -- | 9 (14.5%) | -- | -- |
| Lifetime anxiety disorder (%) | -- | 13 (21%) | -- | -- |
| Hospitalization Number | -- | 4.0 (4.5) | -- | -- |
| Suicide Attempts | -- | 0.9 (1.2) | -- | -- |
| Manic Number | -- | 10.3 (21.3) | -- | -- |
| Depressed Number | -- | 17.8 (27.8) | -- | -- |
| Med Number | -- | 2.0 (1.4) | -- | -- |
| Emotional Abuse | 7.4 (2.9) | 11.8 (5.4) | F=15.15 (<.01)* | -- |
| Emotional Abuse (Severe) | 2 (7%) | 24 (39%) | X2 =8.91 (<.01)* | -- |
| Physical Abuse | 7.1 (2.5) | 8.4 (4.5) | F=1.93 (.17) | -- |
| Physical Abuse (Severe) | 5 (19%) | 17 (27%) | X2=0.80 (.37) | -- |
| Sexual Abuse | 5.5 (1.7) | 7.6 (4.9) | F=5.0 (.03)* | -- |
| Sexual Abuse (Severe) | 2 (7%) | 17 (27%) | X2 =4.49 (.03)* | -- |
| Emotional Neglect | 9.0 (4.0) | 11.5 (4.9) | F=5.59 (.02)* | -- |
| Emotional Neglect (Severe) | 5 (19%) | 20 (32%) | X2 =1.76 (.18) | -- |
| Physical Neglect | 9.5 (0.9) | 10.3 (2.4) | F=2.32 (.13) | -- |
| Physical Neglect (Severe) | 9 (33%) | 29 (47%) | X2 =1.39 (.24) | -- |
| CTQ Total | 45.6 (8.6) | 58.2 (17.4) | F=12.7 (<.01)* | -- |
| Pers./Int. (Boxcar) (%Yes) | 9 (22%) | 28 (45%) | X2 =4.19 (.04)* | .44 |
| Impers./Int. (Speedboat) (%Yes) | 11 (41%) | 27 (44%) | X2 =.06 (.81) | .05 |
| Pers./Unint. (Rubble) (%Yes) | 14 (52%) | 37 (60%) | X2 =.47 (.49) | .15 |
| Impers./Unint. (Burning) (%Yes) | 20 (74%) | 44 (71%) | X2 =.09 (.76) | .06 |
| Personal Dilemmas | 4.1 (2.3) | 4.7 (2.4) | F=1.39 (.24) | .26 |
| Impersonal Dilemmas | 4.8 (2.1) | 4.9 (2.2) | F=0.07 (.80) | .05 |
| Intentional Dilemmas | 3.8 (2.3) | 4.4 (2.3) | F=1.49 (.23) | .26 |
| Unintentional Dilemmas | 5.1 (2.3) | 5.2 (2.3) | F=0.05 (.82) | .04 |
| Overall Dilemmas | 4.4 (2.1) | 4.8 (2.2) | F=.60 (.44) | .19 |
Note. Diagnostic Group differences were found on race, current mood symptoms, several subtypes of childhood trauma, and the Boxcar (Personal and Intentional) dilemma measured dichotomously (Y/N).
*
p<.05