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. 2018 Dec 10;8:17746. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36082-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Simulated transmission from a Gaussian beam into the waveguide. The Gaussian beam is incident on the grating coupler as shown in Fig. 4(a). (a) Transmission from a TM-polarized Gaussian beam into the first order TM-mode of the silicon wire waveguide. The dashed line shows the case where no measure is taken to reduce a reflection (i.e. the width of the first slot is unaltered, δ₁ = δ_n. (b) Transmission of a TE polarized Gaussian beam into the first order TE-mode of the waveguide.