Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study/year | Country | Study type | Type of ICU/inclusion criteria | Sample size (% female) | Mean or median age | Type of experiment | Intervention | Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colombo/2008 [29] | Italy | Crossover | Mixed ICU/patients on partial ventilator support | 14 (14.2) | 55.4 | Physiological/20 min | NAVA (support level was to obtain similar peak inspiratory pressure to the PSV) | PSV (support level was to obtain VT of 6–8 ml/kg PBW) |
| Xirouchaki/2008 [22] | Greece | Parallel | Mixed ICU/patients on CMV > 36 h and awaiting weaning | 208 (33.7) | 59–63 | Clinical/Weaning (48 h) (weaning failure was defined as the need for switching to a controlled mode or reintubation after extubation) | PAV+ | PSV |
| Spahija/2010 [30] | Canada | Crossover | Mixed ICU/patients on MV for ARF and ready to be wean | 14 (57.1) | 69.4 | Physiological/10 min | NAVA (support level was to obtain similar peak inspiratory pressure to the PSV) | PSV (support level was to obtain VT of 6–8 ml/kg PBW) |
| Patroniti/2012 [31] | Italy | Crossover | Medical ICU/patients on MV for ARF | 15 (40) | 67.9 | Physiological/10 min | NAVA (support level was 1 cm H2O/μV) | PSV (support level was 8 cm H2O) |
| Elganady/2014 [23] | Egypt | Parallel | Medical ICU/patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and on MV > 24 h | 60 (18.3) | 59.7 | Clinical/weaning (weaning failure was defined as the need for switching to a controlled mode or reintubation after extubation) | PAV+ | PSV |
| Doorduin/2015 [32] | Netherlands | Crossover | Medical ICU/patients on MV for ARDS | 12 (16.7) | 64.1 | Physiological/30 min | NAVA (support level was to obtain similar peak inspiratory pressure to the PSV) | PSV (support level was to obtain VT of 6 ml/kg PBW) |
| Schmidt/2015 [15] | France | Crossover | Mixed ICU/patients on MV > 48 h for ARF and awaiting weaning | 16 (37.5) | 67 | Physiological/30 min | PAV+/NAVA (support level was to obtain VT of 6–8 ml/kg PBW) | PSV (support level was to obtain VT of 6–8 ml/kg PBW) |
| Bosma/2016 [24] | Canada | Parallel | Mixed ICU/MV > 36 h, SBT failure | 50 (50) | 64.8 | Clinical/weaning (weaning failure was not defined) | PAV+ | PSV |
| Carteaux/2016 [33] | France | Crossover | Medical ICU/patients on MV and recovering from ARF | 11 (54.5) | 69.8 | Physiological/5–10 min | NAVA (support level was 0.5 cm H2O/μV) | PSV (support level was 10 cm H2O) |
| Demoule/2016 [25] | France | Parallel | Multicenter (medical/mixed/surgical)/patients who required endotracheal MV > 24 h for ARF and awaiting weaning | 128 (32.8) | 64–66 | Clinical/Weaning (14 days) (weaning failure was defined as the need for switching to a controlled mode) | NAVA | PSV |
| Di Mussi/2016 [26] | Italy | Parallel | Mixed ICU/patients requiring CMV > 72 h for ARF | 25 (44) | 68.2 | Physiological/48 h | NAVA (support level was titrated according to an initial steep increase PAO and VT) | PSV (support level was to obtain VT of 5–8 ml/kg PBW) |
| Kuo/2016 [27] | Taiwan | Parallel | Medical ICU/patients aged ≥ 45 years, and received MV > 21 days for COPD exacerbation | 33 (27.3) | 77.9 | Clinical/weaning (weaning failure was not defined) | NAVA | PSV |
| Costa/2017 [34] | Italy | Crossover | Surgical ICU/patients on partial ventilator support < 72 h | 13 (23.1) | 58.9 | Physiological/25 min | NAVA (support level was to obtain similar VT and EAdi to the PSV) | PSV (support level was to obtain VT of 6–8 ml/kg PBW) |
| Ferreira/2017 [35] | Brazil | Crossover | Medical ICU/patients on MV > 48 h and considered to be ready for SBT | 20 (35) | 60 | Physiological/30 min (SBT) | NAVA (support level was to obtain similar peak inspiratory pressure to the PSV) | PSV (support level was 5 cm H2O) |
| Botha/2018 [28] | Australia | Parallel | Mixed ICU/patients on CMV and suitable for > 48 h of weaning on a spontaneous mode | 49 (40.8) | 63 | Clinical/weaning (weaning failure was defined as the need for reintubation after extubation) | PAV+ | PSV |
ICU intensive care unit, PAV proportional assist ventilation, NAVA neurally adjusted ventilatory assist, PSV pressure support ventilation, MV mechanical ventilation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ARF acute respiratory failure, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, SBT spontaneous breathing trial, NR not reported, CMV controlled mechanical ventilation, SBT spontaneous breathing trial, VT tidal volume, EAdi diaphragm electrical activity