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. 2018 Dec 10;8:272. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0321-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Schematic diagram showing the site of DREADD vectors injection. Upon CNO administration, hM3D(Gq) and hM4D(Gi) are activated to induce excitation and inhibition of PV interneurons, respectively. b Representative image of dendritic branches in the FrA of vector control, excitation of PV interneurons (PV-Ex) and inhibition of PV interneurons (PV-In) groups under RS. Arrowheads mark sites of spine elimination. Arrows mark sites of newly formed spines. Asterisks mark filopodia. Scale bar 4 µm. c Rate of dendritic spine elimination at day 2 and day 7 in RS + vector + saline, RS + CNO, RS + PV-Ex, and RS + PV-In groups. Day 2: P < 0.0001, F_{(3, 31)} = 37.56, one-way ANOVA. Day 7: P < 0.0001, F_{(3, 19)} = 15.38, one-way ANOVA. d) Rate of dendritic spine formation at day 2 and day 7 in RS + vector + saline, RS + CNO, RS + PV-Ex, and RS + PV-In groups. Day 2: P < 0.0001, F_{(3, 31)} = 13.94, one-way ANOVA. Day 7: P = 0.2576, F_{(3, 19)} = 1.458, one-way ANOVA. RS + Vector + saline (Day 2: n = 10, 1439 spines; day 7: n = 6, 768 spines), RS + CNO (n = 6, 946 spines for both day 2 and 7), RS + PV-Ex groups (Day 2: n = 10, 1384 spines; day 7: n = 6, 837 spines) and RS + PV-In (Day 2: n = 9, 1264 spines; day 7: n = 5, 743 spines). e) Rate of spine elimination at day 2 in non-stress control (n = 6, 929 spines), PV-Ex (n = 5, 615 spines) and PV-In (n = 4, 472 spines) groups. P = 0.0904, F_(2,12) = 2.957, one-way ANOVA. f Percentage of eliminated spines classified as mushroom, stubby and thin spines after 2- and 7- day RS. Mushroom spines: Day 2, P < 0.0001, F_(2,26) = 18.23, one-way ANOVA. Day 7, P = 0.0007, H = 10.9, Kruskal–Wallis test. g Rate of dendritic spine elimination at day 2 in RS + KET-r (n = 6, 892 spines), RS + KET-r + PV-Ex (n = 5, 777 spines) and RS + KET-r + PV-In (n = 5, 638 spines) groups. Elimination: P = 0.0178, F_(2,13) = 5.579, one-way ANOVA. h Percentage of eliminated spines classified as mushroom, stubby, and thin spines after 2 days of RS in RS + KET-r, RS + KET-r + PV-Ex, and RS + KET-r + PV-In groups. Mushroom spines: P = 0.0236, F_{(2, 13)} = 5.064, one-way ANOVA. * P < 0.05 compared with RS + KET-r. i Rate of dendritic spine elimination at day 2 and day 7 in RS + vector + saline, RS + SST-In, RS + VIP-In groups. Day 2: P = 0.0008, F_{(2, 18)} = 11.02, one-way ANOVA. Day 7: P = 0.0207, F_{(2, 14)} = 5.178, one-way ANOVA. j Rate of dendritic spine formation at day 2 and day 7 in RS + vector + saline, RS + SST-In, RS + VIP-In groups. Day 2: P < 0.0001, F_{(2, 18)} = 18.91, one-way ANOVA. Day 7: P = 0.0001, F_{(2, 14)} = 17.98, one-way ANOVA. RS + SST-In (Day 2: n = 5696 spines; day 7: n = 5, 676 spines), RS + VIP-In (Day 2: n = 6, 789 spines; day 7: n = 6, 744 spines). c, d, f, i, j *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with RS + vector + saline. Data are presented in mean ± s.d