Table 1.
Correlation between P4HA2 expression in DCIS malignant epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts with different clinicopathological parameters in the pure DCIS cohort
| Parameters | P4HA2 expression in tumour epithelial cells | χ2 (p value) | P4HA2 expression in stromal fibroblasts | χ2 (p value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (N = 234) N. (%) | High (N = 247) N. (%) | Low (N = 360) N. (%) | High (n = 121) N. (%) | |||
| Patient age | ||||||
| ≤45 years | 18 (8) | 40 (16) | 8.2 | 38 (11) | 20 (17) | 3.0 |
| >45 years | 216 (92) | 207 (84) | (0.004) | 322 (89) | 101 (83) | (0.081) |
| DCIS presentation | ||||||
| Screening | 126 (54) | 112 (45) | 3.5 | 189 (53) | 49 (40) | 5.2 |
| Symptomatic | 108 (46) | 135 (55) | (0.062) | 171 (47) | 72 (60) | (0.020) |
| DCIS size | ||||||
| ≤20 mm | 103 (44) | 101 (41) | 0.4 | 158 (44) | 46 (38) | 1.2 |
| >20 mm | 130 (56) | 144 (59) | (0.510) | 200 (56) | 74 (62) | (0.266) |
| DCIS nuclear Grade | ||||||
| Low | 51 (22) | 10 (4) | 52 (14) | 9 (7) | ||
| Moderate | 73 (31) | 52 (21) | 49.4 | 98 (27) | 27 (22) | 6.4 |
| High | 110 (47) | 185 (75) | ( < 0.0001) | 210 (59) | 85 (71) | (0.04) |
| Comedo necrosis | ||||||
| Yes | 130 (56) | 191 (77) | 25.6 | 226 (63) | 95 (79) | 10.1 |
| No | 104 (44) | 56 (23) | ( < 0.0001) | 134 (37) | 26 (21) | (0.001) |
| Estrogen receptor (ER) | ||||||
| Negative | 24 (11) | 93 (41) | 50.9 | 75 (23) | 42 (39) | 10.9 |
| Positive | 190 (89) | 132 (59) | ( < 0.0001) | 256 (77) | 66 (61) | (0.001) |
| Progesterone receptor (PR) | ||||||
| Negative | 65 (30) | 121 (54) | 25.0 | 127 (38) | 59 (55) | 8.7 |
| Positive | 149 (70) | 103 (46) | ( < 0.0001) | 203 (62) | 49 (45) | (0.003) |
| HER2 status a | ||||||
| Negative | 164 (81) | 156 (69) | 8.4 | 245 (77) | 75 (69) | 2.2 |
| Positive | 38 (19) | 70 (31) | (0.004) | 75 (23) | 33 (31) | (0.141) |
| Surgical management | ||||||
| Mastectomy | 130 (56) | 142 (58) | 0.2 | 204 (57) | 68 (56) | 0.1 |
| BCS | 104 (44) | 105 (42) | (0.669) | 156 (43) | 53 (44) | (0.928) |
| Radiotherapy (RT) b | ||||||
| Yes | 29 (28) | 42 (40) | 3.5 | 43 (28) | 28 (53) | 11.3 |
| No | 75 (72) | 63 (60) | (0.04) | 113 (72) | 25 (47) | (0.001) |
| Molecular classes | ||||||
| Luminal/HER2– | 147 (76) | 98 (47) | 198 (65) | 47 (48) | ||
| Luminal/HER2 + | 24 (12) | 28 (13) | 45.9 | 37 (12) | 15 (15) | 10.2 |
| ER-/HER2 + | 11 (6) | 36 (17) | ( < 0.0001) | 33 (11) | 14 (14) | (0.017) |
| Triple negative | 11 (6) | 48 (23) | 37 (12) | 22 (23) | ||
| HIF1-a expression | ||||||
| High | 24 (15) | 132 (66) | 18.1 | 58 (21) | 34 (36) | 8.1 |
| Low | 141 (85) | 68 (34) | ( < 0.0001) | 213 (79) | 60 (64) | (0.004) |
| Ipsilateral local recurrence | ||||||
| Yes | 17 (7) | 39 (16) | 8.5 | 47 (13) | 9 (8) | 2.8 |
| No | 217 (93) | 208 (84) | (0.004) | 313 (87) | 112 (92) | (0.100) |
| DCIS Type c | ||||||
| Pure DCIS | 234 (77) | 247 (66) | 8.6 | 360 (79) | 121 (55) | 39.3 |
| DCIS with IBC | 71 (23) | 125 (34) | (0.003) | 98 (21) | 98 (45) | ( < 0.0001) |
significant p values are in bold
P4HA2 prolyl-4-hydroxlase alpha subunit 2, DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, BCS breast conserving surgery, IBC invasive breast cancer, HIF1-a hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha
aHER2 final status is achieved using combination of IHC and chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH)
bFor patients treated with breast conserving surgery
cIncluding the cases in both cohorts; i.e. pure DCIS cohort (n = 481) + DCIS-mixed cohort (n = 196)