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. 2018 Nov 9;119(12):1518–1526. doi: 10.1038/s41416-018-0337-x

Table 1.

Correlation between P4HA2 expression in DCIS malignant epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts with different clinicopathological parameters in the pure DCIS cohort

Parameters P4HA2 expression in tumour epithelial cells χ2 (p value) P4HA2 expression in stromal fibroblasts χ2 (p value)
Low (N = 234) N. (%) High (N = 247) N. (%) Low (N = 360) N. (%) High (n = 121) N. (%)
Patient age
≤45 years 18 (8) 40 (16) 8.2 38 (11) 20 (17) 3.0
>45 years 216 (92) 207 (84) (0.004) 322 (89) 101 (83) (0.081)
DCIS presentation
Screening 126 (54) 112 (45) 3.5 189 (53) 49 (40) 5.2
Symptomatic 108 (46) 135 (55) (0.062) 171 (47) 72 (60) (0.020)
DCIS size
≤20 mm 103 (44) 101 (41) 0.4 158 (44) 46 (38) 1.2
>20 mm 130 (56) 144 (59) (0.510) 200 (56) 74 (62) (0.266)
DCIS nuclear Grade
Low 51 (22) 10 (4) 52 (14) 9 (7)
Moderate 73 (31) 52 (21) 49.4 98 (27) 27 (22) 6.4
High 110 (47) 185 (75) (<0.0001) 210 (59) 85 (71) (0.04)
Comedo necrosis
Yes 130 (56) 191 (77) 25.6 226 (63) 95 (79) 10.1
No 104 (44) 56 (23) (<0.0001) 134 (37) 26 (21) (0.001)
Estrogen receptor (ER)
Negative 24 (11) 93 (41) 50.9 75 (23) 42 (39) 10.9
Positive 190 (89) 132 (59) (<0.0001) 256 (77) 66 (61) (0.001)
Progesterone receptor (PR)
Negative 65 (30) 121 (54) 25.0 127 (38) 59 (55) 8.7
Positive 149 (70) 103 (46) (<0.0001) 203 (62) 49 (45) (0.003)
HER2 status a
Negative 164 (81) 156 (69) 8.4 245 (77) 75 (69) 2.2
Positive 38 (19) 70 (31) (0.004) 75 (23) 33 (31) (0.141)
Surgical management
Mastectomy 130 (56) 142 (58) 0.2 204 (57) 68 (56) 0.1
BCS 104 (44) 105 (42) (0.669) 156 (43) 53 (44) (0.928)
Radiotherapy (RT) b
Yes 29 (28) 42 (40) 3.5 43 (28) 28 (53) 11.3
No 75 (72) 63 (60) (0.04) 113 (72) 25 (47) (0.001)
Molecular classes
Luminal/HER2– 147 (76) 98 (47) 198 (65) 47 (48)
Luminal/HER2 +  24 (12) 28 (13) 45.9 37 (12) 15 (15) 10.2
ER-/HER2 +  11 (6) 36 (17) (<0.0001) 33 (11) 14 (14) (0.017)
Triple negative 11 (6) 48 (23) 37 (12) 22 (23)
HIF1-a expression
High 24 (15) 132 (66) 18.1 58 (21) 34 (36) 8.1
Low 141 (85) 68 (34) (<0.0001) 213 (79) 60 (64) (0.004)
Ipsilateral local recurrence
Yes 17 (7) 39 (16) 8.5 47 (13) 9 (8) 2.8
No 217 (93) 208 (84) (0.004) 313 (87) 112 (92) (0.100)
DCIS Type c
Pure DCIS 234 (77) 247 (66) 8.6 360 (79) 121 (55) 39.3
DCIS with IBC 71 (23) 125 (34) (0.003) 98 (21) 98 (45) (<0.0001)

significant p values are in bold

P4HA2 prolyl-4-hydroxlase alpha subunit 2, DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, BCS breast conserving surgery, IBC invasive breast cancer, HIF1-a hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha

aHER2 final status is achieved using combination of IHC and chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH)

bFor patients treated with breast conserving surgery

cIncluding the cases in both cohorts; i.e. pure DCIS cohort (n = 481) + DCIS-mixed cohort (n = 196)