FIGURE 1.

Protein structures of Arabidopsis papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) [modified from Richau et al. (2012) and Misas-Villamil et al. (2016)]. SP, N-terminal signal peptide; Pro-domain, an auto-inhibitory domain; Protease, the catalytic domain contains the catalytic triad Cys-His-Asn; Granulin, C-terminal granulin domain; NPIR, a vacuolar targeting signal; KDEL, a C-terminal retrieval signal for ER localization. Common disulphide bridges and subfamily specific disulphide bridges are indicated with red thin lines and blue thin lines, respectively.