Table 3.
Clinical characteristics, laboratory, echocardiographic, and catheterization data, and clinical outcomes of the total patients and per patients with and without postablation AF recurrence
| Total (n = 104) | AF nonrecurrence (n = 81) | AF recurrence (n = 23) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline clinical variables | ||||
| Age, years | 63 ± 10 | 63 ± 10 | 62 ± 9 | 0.6934 |
| Male, n | 75 (72%) | 60 (74%) | 15 (65%) | 0.4055 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 23.8 ± 3.5 | 24.1 ± 4.4 | 0.7319 |
| HTN, n | 55 (53%) | 46 (57%) | 9 (39%) | 0.1362 |
| DM, n | 21 (20%) | 17 (21%) | 4 (17%) | 0.7059 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n | 45 (43%) | 34 (42%) | 11 (48%) | 0.6189 |
| Persistent AF, n | 46 (44%) | 35 (43%) | 11 (48%) | 0.6954 |
| CHADS2 score | 0.99 ± 0.91 | 1.09 ± 0.94 | 0.65 ± 0.71 | 0.0425 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score | 1.51 ± 1.17 | 1.60 ± 1.22 | 1.17 ± 0.94 | 0.1208 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 218 (59‐551) | 228 (59‐581) | 158 (60‐280) | 0.5392 |
| Cr, mg/dL | 0.83 (0.70‐0.95) | 0.83 (0.69‐0.95) | 0.83 (0.73‐0.95) | 0.7986 |
| hs‐CRP, mg/dL | 0.04 (0.02‐0.10) | 0.04 (0.02‐0.10) | 0.04 (0.02‐0.15) | 0.9507 |
| Insulin, μU/mL | 4.3 (3.1‐6.4) | 4.4 (3.3‐7.7) | 2.8 (2.8‐6.0) | 0.1786 |
| Echocardiographic data | ||||
| LVEF, % | 67.6 ± 8.3 | 67.4 ± 8.6 | 68.3 ± 7.5 | 0.6423 |
| LAD, mm | 39.2 ± 5.7 | 39.5 ± 5.9 | 38.4 ± 5.0 | 0.4007 |
| LAV, mL | 46.3 ± 16.2 | 46.3 ± 16.2 | 46.4 ± 16.5 | 0.9866 |
| LAV index, mL/m2 | 26.9 ± 9.5 | 27.2 ± 10.0 | 26.0 ± 7.8 | 0.5812 |
| Mitral E wave, m/sec | 80.6 (64.1‐95.3) | 80.8 (64.4‐96.2) | 80.5 (63.3‐91.2) | 0.9193 |
| E/e′ ratio | 9.9 (7.9‐12.5) | 10.0 (8.2‐12.4) | 9.4 (7.3‐12.3) | 0.4547 |
| Epicardial adipose tissue, mm | 4.37 ± 1.48 | 4.17 ± 1.16 | 5.05 ± 2.19 | 0.0116 |
| Absence of RAR | 47 (45%) | 33 (41%) | 14 (61%) | 0.0885 |
| Computed tomography data | ||||
| Total epicardial adipose tissue volume, cm3 | 205 ± 67 | 192 ± 58 | 249 ± 78 | 0.0002 |
| Peri‐LA epicardial adipose tissue volume, cm3 | 61 ± 24 | 56 ± 20 | 79 ± 26 | <0.0001 |
| Ablation data | ||||
| CF‐based ablation / CBA, n | 60 (58%) /44 (42%) | 45 (56%)/36 (44%) | 15 (65%)/8 (35%) | 0.4101 |
| LAP, mmHg | 8 (6‐11) | 9 (6‐11) | 8 (5‐10) | 0.3886 |
Values are expressed as median (interquartile range), mean ± SD, or number (percentage) of patients.
BMI, body mass index; CBA, cryoballon ablation; CF, contact force; Cr, creatinine; DM, diabetes mellitus; Hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; HTN, hypertension; LAD, left atrial diameter; LAP, left atrial pressure; LAV, left atrial volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT‐pro BNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide; RAR, reverse atrial remodeling.