Table 2.
Characteristics of all patients and according to general adherence (5 or more days per week in all items of the SDSCA questionnaire, except in exercise).
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 476) |
Adherent patients (n = 94) |
Nonadherent patients (n = 382) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65 (10.7) | 64 (11.7) | 65 (10.5) | 0.29 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 8 (3–15) | 8 (3–15) | 8 (3–15) | 0.94 |
| Gender, female (%) | 63.9 | 63.6 | 64.9 | 0.82 |
| Schooling years, ≥8 years (%) | 25.5 | 24.9 | 27.5 | 0.59 |
| Social security situation (% of retirement) | 38 | 43.6 | 36.6 | 0.69 |
| Marital status (% of married) | 64.1 | 70.1 | 62.6 | 0.48 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.8 (4.7) | 28.7 (4.1) | 30.1 (4.8) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes treatment (%) | ||||
| Metformin | 86.8 | 86.6 | 86.9 | 0.95 |
| Sulfonylureas | 20.8 | 21.5 | 20.6 | 0.86 |
| Insulin | 68.4 | 67.7 | 68.5 | 0.89 |
| Chronic diabetic complications (%) | ||||
| Retinopathy | 31.0 | 34.8 | 30.1 | 0.38 |
| Nephropathy | 28.2 | 28.0 | 28.2 | 0.96 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 27.4 | 24.5 | 28.2 | 0.47 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6.5 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 0.68 |
| Coronary artery disease | 14.7 | 16.0 | 14.4 | 0.70 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 13.5 | 12.6 | 17.0 | 0.26 |
| Arterial hypertension (%) | 85.3 | 81.9 | 86.1 | 0.30 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 139 (18) | 139 (20) | 138 (18) | 0.81 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76 (11) | 75 (11) | 76 (11) | 0.34 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 87.6 | 85.1 | 88.2 | 0.41 |
| Laboratory variables | ||||
| HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol) | 7.9 (1.6) | 7.9 (1.6) | 7.9 (1.7) | 0.98 |
| 63 (15.6) | 63 (15.6) | 63 (15.7) | ||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.46 (0.78) | 2.45 (0.69) | 2.46 (0.81) | 0.92 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.19 (0.36) | 1.27 (0.36) | 1.17 (0.35) | 0.007 |
| Triacylglycerol (mmol/L) | 1.46 (1.07–2.04) | 1.29 (0.97–1.73) | 1.50 (1.11–2.13) | 0.003 |
| Domains of quality of life (SF-36) | ||||
| Functional capacity | 49 (31.5) | 56 (32.3) | 47 (31.1) | 0.011 |
| Emotional | 58 (45.6) | 68 (43.3) | 55 (46.0) | 0.014 |
| Pain | 51 (30.3) | 56 (30.8) | 49 (30.1) | 0.041 |
| Occupational performance (COPM) | 4.6 (1.9) | 5.2 (2.0) | 4.4 (1.9) | 0.001 |
| Satisfaction in the performance of activities (COPM) | 4.3 (2.3) | 4.8 (2.5) | 4.2 (2.2) | 0.035 |
| Limitations/pain (%) | ||||
| In the upper limb | 52.3 | 37.2 | 56.0 | 0.001 |
| In the lower limb | 60.3 | 47.9 | 63.4 | 0.006 |
| In the spine | 54.8 | 54.3 | 55.0 | 0.90 |
Values are the proportions, means (standard deviations), or medians (interquartile range). Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; COPM, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.