Table 3.
Results of multiple logistic regressions for variables associated with general adherence and, for specific items of diet, exercise and medication adherence of the SDSCA questionnaire.
| Dependent variable/independent covariates | OR | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| General adherence∗ | |||
| HDL cholesterol (10 mg/dL increase) | 1.25 | 1.06–1.47 | 0.008 |
| SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase) | 1.07 | 1.01–1.12 | 0.021 |
| BMI (1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.94 | 0.89–0.99 | 0.021 |
| Age (1 year increase) | 0.98 | 0.96–0.998 | 0.033 |
| Presence of macrovascular complications (yes/no) | 1.62 | 0.96–2.37 | 0.073 |
| General adherence∗∗ | |||
| Pain/limitation in the upper limbs (yes/no) | 0.49 | 0.30–0.81 | 0.006 |
| HDL cholesterol (10 mg/dL increase) | 1.25 | 1.06–1.47 | 0.008 |
| COPM (each 1-point increase) | 1.18 | 1.04–1.35 | 0.012 |
| Age (1-year increase) | 0.97 | 0.95–0.99 | 0.014 |
| SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase) | 1.07 | 1.01–1.12 | 0.021 |
| Presence of macrovascular complications (yes/no) | 1.88 | 1.09–3.23 | 0.022 |
| BMI (1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.96 | 0.91–1.01 | 0.098 |
| General diet∗ | |||
| HDL cholesterol (10 mg/dL increase) | 1.19 | 1.02–1.37 | 0.022 |
| SF-36 pain domain (each 10-point increase) | 1.08 | 1.01–1.16 | 0.033 |
| SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase) | 1.04 | 0.99–1.09 | 0.076 |
| General diet∗∗ | |||
| COPM (each 1-point increase) | 1.22 | 1.09–1.36 | 0.001 |
| Pain/limitation in the upper limbs (yes/no) | 0.59 | 0.38–0.90 | 0.015 |
| HDL cholesterol (10 mg/dL increase) | 1.19 | 1.02–1.38 | 0.025 |
| Exercise∗ | |||
| SF-36 pain domain (each 10-point increase) | 1.13 | 1.04–1.21 | 0.002 |
| SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase) | 1.09 | 1.03–1.15 | 0.003 |
| BMI (1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.94 | 0.89–0.99 | 0.011 |
| Presence of peripheral neuropathy (yes/no) | 0.55 | 0.31–0.95 | 0.032 |
| Exercise∗∗ | |||
| SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase) | 1.08 | 1.02–1.14 | 0.009 |
| BMI (1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.94 | 0.90–0.99 | 0.029 |
| Presence of peripheral neuropathy (yes/no) | 0.55 | 0.31–0.95 | 0.032 |
| Pain/limitation in the spine (yes/no) | 0.61 | 0.39–0.98 | 0.039 |
| COPM (each 1-point increase) | 1.12 | 0.99–1.27 | 0.066 |
| Female gender | 1.53 | 0.95–2.45 | 0.082 |
| Medication† | |||
| HbA1c (1% increase) | 0.73 | 0.62–0.86 | <0.001 |
| BMI (1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.92 | 0.86–0.99 | 0.022 |
| Diabetes duration (1-year increase) | 1.04 | 0.99–1.09 | 0.059 |
∗The candidate variables to enter these models were BMI, diabetes duration, SF-36 pain, physical activity and emotional domains, presence of macrovascular and microvascular complications, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and LDL and HDL cholesterol. ∗∗Pain or joint limitation on the spine and lower and upper limbs and COPM entered the model instead of SF-36 pain and physical domain items. †Both models were identical. Age and gender were forced into all models. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPM, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.