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. 2018 Nov 26;6(4):e12159. doi: 10.2196/12159

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©Fei Li, Weisong Liu, Hong Yu. Originally published in JMIR Medical Informatics (http://medinform.jmir.org), 26.11.2018.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Medical Informatics, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://medinform.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Study overview. NER: named entity recognition. RE: relation extraction. BiLSTM: bidirectional long short-term-memory. CRF: conditional random field. MTL: multi-task learning. MADE: Medication, Indication, and Adverse Drug Events. HardMTL: multi-task learning model for hard parameter sharing. RegMTL: multi-task learning model for soft parameter sharing based on regularization. LearnMTL: multi-task learning model for soft parameter sharing based on task-relation learning.