Phase 1: The airways are still fluid-filled, and the emphasis is to clear the fetal lung liquid and aerate the lung.
Phase 2: Lung aeration has been achieved and gas exchange is now possible. The air-liquid surface tension is present, and fetal lung liquid (now in the interstitial tissue) increases perialveolar interstitial tissue pressures. The focus of respiratory support is minimizing alveolar collapse and/or reflooding during expiration.
Phase 3: The lungs is aerated and liquid is cleared from the tissue. Ventilation is now focused on gas exchange and metabolic homeostasis.