Example demonstrating the results of control, EDC, and ODC after E-4031 addition. An example cell (cell 13, Fig. 7) showing the effects of adding Itarget while paced at 0.5 Hz is shown. The gray (A and D), orange (B, D, and E), and green (C–E) traces represent the control without any current addition, adding Itarget with EDC, and adding Itarget with ODC, respectively. (A–C) The darker traces represent the stimulated APs after E-4031 addition, whereas the light-colored traces represent the stimulated APs before E-4031 addition. (D) Overlays of AP traces from the three conditions after E-4031 addition are shown. (E) Calculated target currents for EDC and ODC are shown. Black triangles indicate when a stimulus current was delivered and provide a reference to which of the 10 paced APs in Fig. S9 are displayed. The time axis corresponds to the time within the full recording shown in Fig. S9.