Fig. 14. 2D and 3D PNs formed using DNA nanotechnology. (a) Orthogonal decoration of proteins on 2D face-like DNA scaffold and AFM characterization of labelling yields at each step. Adapted with permission from ref. 138. Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (b and c) DNA nanovessels for precise spatial placement of multiproteins in defined 3D arrangements. TEM image in (c) showed the protein loaded on the 3D hexagonal barrel. Adapted with permission from ref. 158 and 210. Copyright 2012 The American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry.