Table 2.

List of differentially expressed proteins after berberine treatment in hamsters. The proteins were identified by TOF-AB 5600 (↑, up-regulated; ↓, down-regulated).

Protein name	Gene name	P-value	Fold of change	Protein function
Cytosol aminopeptidase	Lap3	1.79×10−4	1.41 ↑	Catalyzes the removal of unsubstituted N-terminal amino acids from various peptides
Ras-related protein Rab-14	Rab14	4.09×10−4	1.62 ↑	Involved in membrane trafficking between the Golgi complex and endosomes.
Signal recognition particle	Srp54	6.17×10−5	0.63 ↓	Binds to the signal sequence of presecretory protein when they emerge from the ribosomes and transfers them to TRAM (translocating chain-associating membrane protein).
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1	Gnb2l1	1.17×10−3	0.63 ↓	Involved in the recruitment, assembly and/or regulation of a variety of signaling molecules.
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase	Acta2	1.43×10−3	2.25 ↑	2acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA.
Alpha-actinin-4	Actn4	1.78×10−3	0.65 ↓	F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures.
Misshapen-like kinase 1	Mink1	2.23×10-5	0.68 ↓	Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a negative regulator of Ras-related Rap2-mediated signal transduction to control neuronal structure and AMPA receptor trafficking.
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1	Cbr1	2.34×10−3	1.35 ↑	Catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds includingquinones, prostaglandins, menadione, plus various xenobiotics.
Ras-related protein Rab-2A	Rab2a	2.40×10−3	1.33 ↑	Required for protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex.
Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase	Acads	2.54×10−3	0.65 ↓	Introduces a double bond at position 2 in saturated acyl-CoAs of short chain length.
Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase 1	ACSL1	1.30×10−3	0.52 ↓	Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses oleate, arachidonate, eicosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate as substrates.
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1	ACOX1	5.49×10−3	0.64 ↓	Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. Isoform 1 shows highest activity against medium-chain fatty acyl-CoAs and activity decreases with increasing chain length. Isoform 2 is active against a much broader range of substrates and shows activity towards very long-chain acyl-CoAs. Isoform 1 shows optimum activity with a chain length of 10 carbons while isoform 2 exhibits optimum activity with 14 carbons.