Effect of veratridine on activation of Nav1.7 currents. a Typical traces of inhibition of the Nav1.7 peak current by 75 µM veratridine or 500 nM TTX after application for 3 min extracellularly when evoked from a holding potential of −100 mV to 50 ms test pulses between −20 mV and −10 mV at 0.5 Hz. b, c Current–voltage relationship of Nav1.7 peak current (b) and sustained current (c) modulated by 75 µM veratridine (n = 8) compared with control (n = 8). d, e Effect of veratridine (75 µM) on peak value of INa (d, n = 8) and sustained current (e, n = 4) after application for 2–5 min. Paired Student’s t test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control, #P < 0.05 vs 2 min