Fig. 7.

Effects of berberine on the expression of nHMGB1, cyHMGB1, nNF-κB, cyNF-κB, and TLR4 by western blot analysis at 24 h after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (n = 3). Nuclear and cytosolic protein extracts were prepared and assayed for HMGB1 and NF-κB by western blot analysis. Total protein extracts were prepared for analysis of TLR4 expression. a Representative photographs of western blot for nHMGB1, cyHMGB1, nNF-κB, cyNF-κB, and TLR4. b Ratio of cyHMGB1 to nHMGB1. c Ratio of nNF-κB to cyNF-κB. d Ratio of TLR4 to β-actin. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ^#P < 0.01 versus the sham group; *P < 0.01 versus the vehicle group