Table 1.
Phosphorylation sites for the ezrin activation
| Phosphorylation site |
Kinases/ phosphorylation factors |
Cell line | Biological activity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Threonine-567 | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) | LLC-PK1 epithelial cell line | Epithelial cell morphogenesis | Fievet et al. (2004) |
| Threonine-567 | Calyculin A | LLC-PK1 epithelial cell line | Cytoskeleton arrangement and development of multicellular epithelial structures | Gautreau et al. (2000) |
| Threonine-567 | Calcineurin homologous protein-1 | Opossum kidney cells | Na+ transport | Di Sole et al. (2009) |
| Threonine-567 | TNF-α and IL-1β | Human synoviocytes | Migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes | Xiao et al. (2014) |
| Threonine-567 | Akt | BeWo trophoblastic cells from human choriocarcinoma | Microvilli-mediated mechanoresponsive cellular functions, such as epithelial absorption, signal perception, and mechanotransduction | Miura et al. (2015) |
| Tyrosine-353 | Akt (but not ERK1/2, ROCK1) pathway | Tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC) cell | Metastasis of TSCC cells | Wang et al. (2014) |
| Threonine-567/Tyrosine-353 | N/A | Pancreas tissue | Associated with positive lymph node metastasis, less differentiation, pAkt overexpression, and shorter survival times | Cui et al. (2010) |
| Threonine-567/Tyrosine-353 | N/A | Tissue of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs) | Associated with tumor invasion and related to early development of PanINs | Oda et al. (2013) |
| Tyrosine-145/Tyrosine-353 | EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) | Human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cell | Unclear | Krieg and Hunter (1992) |
| Threonine-235 | CDK5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5) | Human osteosarcoma cell line SAOS-2 | pRb activity and cytoskeletal regulation | Yang and Hinds (2003) |
| Threonine-235 | CDK5 | Human osteosarcoma cell line SAOS-2, senescent human diploid fibroblasts | Prevent senescence-associated flat cell formation | Yang and Hinds (2006) |
| Serine-66 | PKA | Gastric parietal cells | Remodeling of the apical membrane cytoskeleton associated with acid secretion | Zhou et al. (2003) |
| Threonine-477 | Src | Human embryonic kidney 293 cells | Unclear | Heiska and Carpen (2005) |