Table 2.

The effects of maltreatment and father involvement on early substance use

	Model 1			Model 2
Control variables	B	OR	p	B	OR	p
Male	−.145	0.87	.571	−.100	0.90	.697
Racea
White	.677	1.97	.016	.694	2.00	.015
Hispanic	.195	1.22	.728	.183	1.20	.746
Other	−.096	0.91	.820	−.122	0.89	.775
Resident father (yes)	−.280	0.76	.339	−.261	0.77	.378
Biological father (yes)	.171	1.19	.502	.116	1.12	.635
Internalizing problems	−.017	0.98	.234	−.018	0.98	.213
Externalizing problems	.024	1.02	.106	.024	1.02	.107
Quality of mother involvement	−.069	0.93	.070	−.075	0.93	.058
Quantity of mother involvement	−.029	0.97	.705	−.034	0.97	.661
Food Stamp (yes)	−.068	0.93	.828	−.049	0.95	.878
Caregiver education (more than HS)	−.639	0.53	.024	−.668	0.51	.020
Caregiver employment (yes)	.261	1.30	.326	.283	1.33	.294
Perpetrator (mother)	.052	1.05	.848	.038	1.04	.890
Maltreatment
Early childhood physical abuse	.544	1.72	.026	.555	1.74	.023
Early childhood sexual abuse	.302	1.35	.341	.303	1.35	.341
Early childhood emotional abuse	−.462	0.63	.255	−.485	0.62	.233
Early childhood neglect	.068	1.07	.711	.092	1.10	.621
Mid-late childhood physical abuse	−.014	0.99	.937	.012	1.01	.949
Mid-late childhood sexual abuse	−.064	0.94	.877	−.069	0.93	.868
Mid-late childhood emotional abuse	.305	1.36	.171	.308	1.36	.179
Mid-late childhood neglect	−.146	0.86	.393	−.148	0.86	.399
Father involvement
Quality of father involvement	−.060	0.94	.042	−.092	0.91	.014
Quantity of father involvement	.062	1.06	.345	.149	1.16	.061
Interaction effects
Gender* quality of father involvement				.079	1.08	.156
Gender* quantity of father involvement				−.171	0.84	.089

^aNote. reference group is Black; OR = Odds Ratio; HS = high school.